November 16, 1968, Palm Beach Post - UPI, Nixon Summons Leaders to Talk,
November 16, 1968, New York Times, page A-1, Nixon Seeks to Woo Labor and Negroes; Defines Policy Role, by Robert B. Semple Jr.,
August 3, 1969, New York Times, Nixon's Inner Circle Meets; The staff is young, well organized, diverse -- and largely from California, by Robert B. Semple,
July 1, 1970, Los Angeles Times, A Nixon Aide, Officially; Shutter Bug, Unofficially,
April 2, 1971, Lawrence Journal-World - AP, Chapin Prosecutor Sees 'Direct' Case,
October 6, 1971, New York Times, Kissinger to Visit China to Prepare for Nixon's Trip, by Robert B. Semple Jr.,
October 15, 1971, New York Times, Kissinger to Begin Trip To Peking on Saturday,
October 17, 1971, New York Times - AP, Kissinger Party Flying to Peking; Is Due Wednesday
October 22, 1971, New York Times - Reuter, Peking Newspaper, in Unusual Move, Publishes Photos of Kissinger and Other U.S Aides,
October 28, 1971, Eugene Register-Guard, pager 5-A, AP Wirephoto, Chou Entertains Visitors At Banquet,
February 13, 1972, New York Times, Official Party Named For Nixon China Trip, by Robert M. Smith,
February 13, 1972, Boston Globe, page A-1, Chinese seen eager for visit,
March 15, 1972, Toledo Blade, China Stay Cut Short President's Snooze Time,
September 24, 1972, New York Times, JWT and the President,
October 15, 1972, New York Times, Nixon Aide Is Called a 'Contact' for Political Spying,
October 15, 1972, News And Courier - UPI, Nixon Aides Linked To 'Political Sabotage',
October 16, 1972, The Sun, 'Linked To Plot',
October 16, 1972, Star-News - UPI, Nixon's Secretary Linked To Alleged Demo Sabotage,
October 16, 1972, The Guardian, President's aides accused, by Peter Jenkins,
October 16, 1972, Ellensburg Daily Record, Aide Accused,
October 17, 1972, New York Times, 3 Aides of Nixon Denounce Disruption-Tactic Charges; Articles Called 'Hearsay'; Nixon Aides Denounce Political Disruption Charge, by Robert B. Semple Jr.,
October 18, 1972, St. Joseph News-Press, Washington Window, by Norman Kempster,
October 19, 1972, New York Times, GOP and 'Spy' Plot; Nixon's Strategy Is Seen as Revealing Basic Views About Voters and the Press, by Robert B. Semple, Jr.,
October 19, 1972, New York Times, Segretti Apparently Tried To Join McGovern's Drive, by Steven V. Roberts,
October 21, 1972, Milwaukee Sentinel, Nixon Still Tricky Dick,' Shriver Says,
October 21, 1972, Toledo Blade - AP, President Still Tricky, Shriver Says,
October 21, 1972, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Shriver Attempts to Unite Area Dems, by Frank N. Matthews, Post-Gazette Political Writer,
October 22, 1972, New York Times, The Week In Review, Still The Odor Lingers, by Walter Rugaber,
October 25, 1972, New York Times, Worker for GOP Recalls Sabotage; Secretary Asserts She Was She Was Part of Anti-Muskie Plot in Florida's Primary, by Martin Waldron,
October 26, 1972, New York Times, New Account of Sabotage; Californian Gives Account of Sabotage, by Steven V. Roberts,
October 26, 1972, Christian Science Monitor, White House, Post collide on spy story
October 27, 1972, New York Times, page A-1, MacGregor Identifies Four Who Guided Special Fund;
October 29, 1972, New York Times, Two West Coast Students Say They Helped Segretti Obtain Political Information, by Steven V. Roberts,
October 30, 1972, New York Times, page A-22, President's Aide Admits Hiring Segretti, Time Says
October 30, 1972, Calgary Herald - AP, Nixon Aide Admits He Hired Saboteur, Says Magazine,
October 30, 1972, Boston Globe - UPI, Nixon aide said to admit GOP spy role,
October 31, 1972, The Sun - Washington Post Editorial, 'The Dirtiest Campaign In Memory',
November 2, 1972, New York Times, Jersey Man Asserts Segretti Described Florida Espionage, by David K. Shipler,
November 2, 1972, New York Times, Segretti Quoted on Florida Spying, by David K. Shipler,
January 29, 1973, Daytona Beach Morning Journal, Chapin Resigning As Nixon Aide,
January 29, 1973, New York Times, Nixon Aide Reported Being Forced Out, Nixon Aide Linked to G. O. P. Spying Reported Being Forced Out of White House 'Creative' Work Sought, by Seymour M. Hersh,
January 30 , 1973, Herald-Journal - AP, Chopin Resigns White House Post,
January 30, 1973, New York Times, White House Says Nixon Aide Is Leaving But Denies Pressure, by Robert H. Phelps,
January 30, 1973, Pittsburgh Press - Chicago Sun-Times News Service, page 27, Top Nixon Aide Quits Under Cloud,
January 31, 1973, New York Times, Chapin to Join Airline; Notes on People
February 2, 1973, Los Angeles Times, Nixon Lawyer's Link to Sabotage Alleged
February 8, 1973, New York Times, Chapin Said to Have Told Nixon Aide to Pay Segretti, by Seymour M. Hersh,
March 10, 1973, New York Times, Editorial, The Vesco Affair
March 13, 1973, New York Times, page A-1, Nixon Says Aides Will Not Testify, by John Herbers,
March 18, 1973, New York Times, Who Called the Signals?; Watergate, by John M. Crewdson,
April 11, 1973, Spokane Daily Chronicle - AP, Grand Jury Hears Ex-aides Of Nixon,
April 12, 1973, Milwaukee Journal, Grand Jury Widens Watergate Probe,
April 12, 1973, Southeast Missourian - AP, Capitol's Watergate Silence Spells Trouble,
April 12, 1973, Times Daily, Chapin, Strachan Questioned,
April 12, 1973, New York Times, Watergate Grand Jury Hears Two Former White House Aides and Segretti; None Will Comment, by Walter Rugaber,
April 12, 1973, New York Times, Counselor to Nixon Terms Watergate a Blow to Party, by John Herbers,
April 14, 1973, New York Times, Plan to Hear Nixon Aides On Watergate Discussed; Resignation Offered, by Walter Rugabers,
April 18, 1973, Milwaukee Journal, One Man's Idea Of Watergate, by Russell Baker,
April 18, 1973, Miami News - AP, Nixon Reverses Stand, Talks Of Suspension, by Don McLeod,
April 22, 1973, Tuscaloosa News - AP, Here Are Chronological Highlights of Watergate,
May 1, 1973, Washington Post, page A-11, Haldeman, Intensely Loyal, Key to Access to Nixon, by Edward Walsh, Staff Writer,
May 2, 1973, New York Times, 6 May Be Indicted; Promises of Clemency in Break-In Called Part of Scheme, by Seymour M. Hersh, Secret Meeting Four Others Involved Watergate Investigators Link Cover-Up to High White House Aides and Mitchell 6 Indictments Expected;
May 3, 1973, New York Times, Teams of Agents; Drive Viewed as Way to Help McGovern Get Nomination, by Seymour M. Hersh, Aid for McGovern Held Aim of Wide Campaign Inquiry by Fraud Unit; Letter to Muskie Cited; Agents Organized Two Groups Merged,
May 18, 1973, New York Times, page A-20, A Man Disillusioned by Politics; Vietnam Veteran Accord, by James T. Wooton,
May 26, 1973, New York Times, Board to Check Charges on Jet Crash; No Evidence Found, by Robert Lindsey,
May 26, 1973, Palm Beach Post, (c) New York Times, Jet Crash Sabotage Study Set,
June 17, 1973, New York Times, The Last Word; Watergateiana, by Richard R. Lingemen,
June 27, 1973, Los Angeles Times, 'Tick' Segretti: GOP Answer to Dick Tuck,
June 27, 1973, New York Times, Dean's Transcript of News Briefing 'Practice Session'; No Sources,
July 21, 1973, New York Times, Former Political Liaison Man; Gordon Creighton Strachan, Classmate of Ziegler,
September 18, 1973, Los Angeles Times, Segretti Seems Open to Hard Questioning,
October 1, 1973, New York Times, Watergate Session Off Till Wednesday; Linked to Muskie Campaign Dwight Chapin and 'Fat Jack' Won't Testify Before Panel,
October 1, 1973, Lodi News-Sentinel - UPI, Segretti Leads Off Hearings,
October 1, 1973, St. Joseph Gazette - UPI, Testimony Refusal Delays Hearings,
October 1, 1973, St. Petersburg Times - UPI, One-day Delay Hits Watergate,
October 1, 1973, Lakeland Ledger - AP, Nation ..Watergate Hearing Delayed,
October 3, 1973, Beaver Country Times - UPI, Sabotage Efforts Were Encouraged,
October 3, 1973, Pittsburgh Press, Hired, Paid, Segretti Says Bomb Threat Disrupts Probe,
October 4, 1973, New York Times, page A-1, Segretti Describes Chapin As Boss of 'Dirty Tricks', by David E. Rosenbaum,
October 4, 1973, New York Times, News Summary and Index; The Major Events of the Day,
October 4, 1973, New York Times, Excerpts From Segretti's Testimony Before Senator Ervin's Select Committee,
October 4, 1973, New York Times, Dirty Tricks' Man; Donald Henry Segretti Peace Symbol on Checks Warren' Was Hunt, by John M. Crewdson,
October 6, 1973, New York Times, United and the Chapin Question; Notes on People,
October 7, 1973, New York Times, Watergate Hearings, Phase 2: The Tricks Were Dirty but Inept, by David E. Rosenbaum,
November 26, 1973, New York Times, page A-11, Spy Said to Link Chapin with Hunt; Segretti Is Reported to Tell Prosecutors of Liaison; The 'Sex Letter', by John M. Crewdson,
November 29, 1973, Evening Independent - AP, Grand Jury Indicts Chapin On 4 Counts,
November 29, 1973, The Telegraph - AP, Chapin Indicted,
November 30, 1973, Boston Globe, Watergate jury indicts Chapin,
November 30, 1973, Daytona Beach Morning Journal, page A-1, Former Nixon Aide Chapin Charged With Lying,
November 30, 1973,Virgin Islands Daily News - AP, Chapin Indicted On 4 Counts Of Perjury,
November 30, 1973, Bangor Daily News - AP, Former Nixon Aide Indicted,
November 30, 1973, Times-Union - UPI, New Initiative By Watergate Prosecution; Chapin Indicted,
November 30, 1973, New York Times, page A-1, Chapin Is Indicted On Charge He Lied On Segretti Links, by Anthony Ripley,
November 30, 1973, Christian Science Monitor, Watergate-tape gap-- and memory gaps, too,
December 2, 1973, New York Times, 'Operation Court' Is Not Helping Operation Candor,
December 7, 1973, Los Angeles Times, Photo Standalone 10 -- No Title,
December 7, 1973, Times-Union - UPI, Chopin Enters Innocent Plea,
December 8, 1973, Lakeland Ledger - AP, Former Nixon Aide Pleads Innocent,
December 8, 1973, Ellensburg Daily Record - UPI, Chopin Pleads Not Guilty .Washington,
December 8, 1973, Michigan Daily, Chapin Pleads Innocent,
December 8, 1973, New York Times, Chapin Pleads Not Guilty to Lying to Watergate Jury,
January 24, 1974, Lewiston Morning Tribune - AP, Dean To Be Witness Against Dwight Chapin,
January 24, 1974, Argus-Press - AP, Dean Listed As A Major Witness,
January 24, 1974, Pittsburgh Press, Dean To Be Called In Trial Of Chapin,
January 24, 1974, New York Times, Prosecutor Will Call Dean As Witness in Chapin Trial,
February 1, 1974, Boston Globe, page A-1, No evidence that Dean has lied, by George Lardner Jr.,
February 1, 1974, New York Times, Dean's Credibility Backed By Watergate Prosecution, by Anthony Ripley,
February 4, 1974, Christian Science Monitor, Watergate whirlpool again spins around Dean testimony, by Robert P. Hey Staff correspondent of The Christian Science Monitor,
February 11, 1974, Lawrence Journal-World, Nixon And His Fallen Aides .Visit By Chapin Spotlights Link, by Rowland Evans and Robert Novak,
February 15, 1974, Boston Globe, White House out to destroy Dean credibility,
February 15, 1974, Los Angeles Times, Chapin Rights Not Violated, Jaworski Says,
February 16, 1974, Williamson Daily News - UPI, page 7, Will Wait Until Jury Chosen To Deliver Watergate Indictments,
February 21, 1974, New York Times, Gesell Rejects Chapin Plea To Bar Testimony by Dean;
March 2, 1974, Sarasota Herald-Tribune, The Watergate Boxscore Of Prosecution, Cases .
March 5, 1974, Evening News, Dwight Chapin: Same Wail As Angela Davis, Berrigan, by William Ringle,
March 5, 1974, Los Angeles Times, Chapin Report Was in Error,
March 24, 1974, Boston Globe, White House gives specific instances of alleged distored...
March 31, 1974, Herald-Journal - AP, Chopin Goes On Trial Monday
April 1, 1974, The Phoenix - AP, Presidential Aide On Trial For Lying,
April 1, 1974, Beaver Country Times - UPI, Segretti Key Chapin Witness,
April 1, 1974, New York Times, page A-19, Chapin Trial Opens in US Court Today,
April 1, 1974, Los Angeles Times, Jury Chosen For Chapin's Trial On Perjury Counts,
April 2, 1974, Victoria Advocate - AP, Chapin Jury Chosen; Testimony Begins Today,
April 2, 1974, Christian Science Monitor, Inside the news-briefly,
April 2, 1974, New York Times, Chapin-Case Jury Chosen; Segretti to Testify Today; Dispute Over Jury,
April 2, 1974, Boston Globe, President's brother to testify this week, by Frederick Winship,
April 2, 1974, Palm Beach Post - UPI, Judge Read Chapin Tape Transcripts,
April 2, 1974, The Sun, Table of Contents 2 -- No Title,
April 3, 1974, New York Times, Segretti and Kalmbach Testify Against Their Friend, Chapin;, by David E. Rosenbaum,
April 3, 1974, Milwaukee Journal, Prosecution Rests In Chapin Trial,
April 3, 1974, Evening Independent - AP, Prosecution Rests Case In Chapin Perjury Trial,
April 3, 1974, Boston Globe, Segretti testifies Chapin knew of campaign tricks,
April 3, 1974, Boston Globe, Chapin gets look at outside world,
April 4, 1974, New York Times, page A-31, Chapin Says He Ignored Most Segretti Data, by David E. Rosenbaum,
April 4, 1974, New York Times, 4 Specialists on Taxes Who Advised President,
April 4, 1974, Sarasota Herald-Tribune - AP, Chapin Admits Coverup Effort In Haldeman's Behalf,
April 5, 1974, Daytona Beach Morning Journal, Far From Verdict,
April 5, 1974, Toledo Blade, People Outside White House Gates In Charge Now At Dwight Chapin Trial, by Mary McGrory,
April 5, 1974, New York Times, Jury in Washington Gets Chapin Case,
April 6, 1974, The Journal, Chapin To Appeal Conviction,
April 6, 1974, Observer-Reporter, In .Be Sentenced May .Dwight Chapin Found Guilty Of Perjury By Federal Jury,
April 6, 1974, Southeast Missourian - AP, page 3, Chapin Continues Fight For Innocence,
April 7, 1974, Daytona Beach Morning Journal, Why Lock Up Chapin?, by Tom Wicker,
April 7, 1974, New York Times, Tight Situations; An Ambiguous Reaction At the White House,
April 8, 1974, Boston Globe, Chapin trial is ominous for others,
April 9, 1974, Wall Street Journal, Chapin Quits UAL Unit After Perjury Conviction, 173 words,
April 13, 1974, New York Times - UPI, Lawyer For Chapin Seeks a New Trial,
April 24, 1974, New York Times, Silbert Defends Action in Inquiry; es on Promotion
April 27, 1974, Boston Globe, Judge rejects Chapin's plea for new trial
May 3, 1974, New York Times, Why Appled-Cheeked Young Men in Gucci Loafers Sought Permission to Eat in the White House Mess, Where the Air Is Rarefied and the Food Is Mexican, by Zan Thompson,
May 11, 1974, The Sun - AP, Chapin pleads for probation,
May 16, 1974, Herald-Journal, Former Nixon Aide Dwight L. Chapin Sentenced To Ten Months,
May 16, 1974, page A-5, New York Times, Chapin Sentenced to 10-30 Months; Former Nixon Aide Appeals Prison Term for Lying to Watergate Grand Jury, by Anthony Ripley,
May 16, 1974, Christian Science Monitor, Inside the news-briefly
May 16, 1974, Boston Globe, Chapin gets 10 to 30 months in prison for lying,
May 16, 1974, Boston Globe, Photo Standalone 1 -- No Title,
May 16, 1974, Chicago Tribune, Table of Contents 3 -- No Title
May 16, 1974, Toledo Blade - AP, Chapin Given Prison Term,
May 16, 1974, Bangor Daily News - AP, Chapin Gets Jail Term,
May 17, 1974, New York Times, Kleindienst Admits Misdemeanor Guilt, by Anthony Ripley,
May 19, 1974, New York Times, Editorial, The Lines Are Drawn,
May 20, 1974, New York Times, Kleindienst Guilty,
May 22, 1974, New York Times, page A-1, Magruder Given a 10-Month Term; Deputy Director of Nixon's Campaign Sentenced for His Role in Watergate,
June 6, 1974, New York Times, Lindsay Declines Professorship at Hunter; Notes on People, by Albin Krebbs,
June 9, 1974, New York Times, Epilogue; Cancellation
June 9, 1974, New York Times, A White House taped; An aide to Dwight Eisenhower finds the Nixon Presidency joyless and aimless, a gray fortress, by Emmet John Hughes,
June 9, 1974, Boston Globe, Colson: White House tough guy displays new image,
June 16, 1974, Boston Globe, On Watergate crimes and punishment
February 24, 1975, Christian Science Monitor, Watergate appeals: 2 more years?,
July 15, 1975, Morning Record - AP, Appeals Court Upholds Finding Against Chapin,
August 12, 1975, The Day - AP, Dwight Chapin Begins Serving Term In Prison,
August 12, 1975, Los Angeles Times, Ex-Nixon Aide Enters Prison,
August 13, 1975, The Sun - Reuter, Chapin begins Watergate sentence
August 13, 1975, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - AP, Chapin Begins His Prison Term,
September 16, 1975, New York Times - AP, Chapin Asks High Court To Review Perjury Case,
September 16, 1975, Spokane Daily Chronicle - AP, Chopin Asking Case Review,
December 9, 1975, New York Times, Chapin Appeal Denied,
December 23, 1975, News And Courier - AP, Chapin Sentence Reduced,
December 23, 1975, Times-Union, Early Release From Prison Likely For Former Nixon Aide,
December 23, 1975, Christian Science Monitor, Inside the news-briefly,
February 6, 1976, Toledo Blade, Dwight Chapin To Be Paroled,
February 6, 1976, Los Angeles Times, Dwight Chapin to Be Paroled From Lompoc,
February 7, 1976, New York Times, Notes on People; Chapin, Nixon Aide, Gets Parole in April
April 3, 1976, The Sun - Reuter, Dwight Chapin freed on parole in Calif.,
April 15, 1976, Milwaukee Journal, Chapin Paid In Prison,
April 15, 1976, New York Times, Notes on People; Rep. Hays and Secretary Marry,
April 19, 1976, Evening News, Chapin Leaves Prison,
June 19, 1977, Boston Globe, Watergate revisited,
June 22, 1977, New York Times, No Bars, Armed Guards or Uniforms for Haldeman,
March 15, 1978, Milwaukee Journal, Nixon Figures Plan Rally Here,
November 5, 1979, Boca Raton News, Dwight Chapin: Mr. Positive Tackles A Career As Publisher,
July 17, 1980, Bangor Daily News, Nixon Is The Missing Man,
July 18, 1980, Boston Globe, Convention Notebook; 6 Weeks Later - The Speech,
June 17, 1982, Windsor Star, Watergate Plus Ten: Where are they now?, Dwight Chapin,
July 24, 1986, Chicago Tribune, Dwight Chapin Taps Into Brakes After Watergate,
December 2, 1986, Los Angeles Times, Nixon Papers Show Concern for the Trivial, by Robert L. Jackson and Paul Houston, Times Staff Writers,
February 3, 1987, New York Times, Nixon Will Fight Release of Papers, by Ben. E. Franklin,
March 18, 1988, Los Angeles Times, No-Nonsense Judge Assigned Iran-Contra Case, by Jim Mann,
May 12, 1988, New York Times, Campaign Trail: Nixon's Decline, by Warren Weaver Jr. and E.J. Dionne Jr.,
May 31, 1988, Los Angeles Times, Will Afghan Regime Remain or Fall? : Propaganda, Rumor Fuel Intrigue in Jittery Kabul, by Rone Tempest, Times Staff Writer,
October 27, 1988, Ellensburg Daily Record - UPI, Chopin Back In,
October 27, 1988, Free Lance-Star - AP, Watergate Felon in Bush Camp,
October 27, 1988, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Political Report: Younger Blacks Unhappy With Dukakis, Poll Shows,
October 27, 1988, San Jose Mercury News, page A-1, Watergate Felon Aids Bush; Has Unpaid Role in Campaign,
October 28, 1988, San Jose Mercury News, Chapin Sparks Ridicule; Democrats Question Bush's Judgment,
October 28, 1988, New York Times - AP, Former Nixon Aide Serving As Bush Campaign Adviser,
October 28, 1988, Los Angeles Times - AP, Campaign '88: Watergate Figure Serves in Bush's Campaign,
October 28, 1988, St. Louis Post-Dispatch - AP, page 18-A, Bush Adviser Played Role in Watergate,
October 29, 1988, San Jose Mercury News, Edwards Condemns Bush, Urges Him to Drop Chapin,
November 13, 1988, New York Times, John N. Mitchell Is Remembered As a Victim of 'Cruel Treatment', by David E. Rosenbaum,
November 14, 1988, New York Times, Essay; Watch What We Do, by William Safire,
March 16, 1989, Los Angeles Times, Only in LA/ People and Events
March 28, 1989, New York Times, Judge Leaving a Personal Imprint on North Trial, by David Johnston,
July 20, 1990, New York Times, Another Nixon Summit, at His Library, by R.W. Apple,
June 12, 1992, Deseret News, For Many, Post-Watergate Life Included Prison, Writing,
June 14, 1992, St. Louis Post-Dispatch - AP, Where Are They Now?, 857 words,
April 28, 1994, Los Angeles Times, Richard Nixon: 1913-1994 : Guest List Covered Wide Spectrum: Audience: Longtime allies, a few ex-enemies and representatives from 86 nations attended, by Mark Platte and Danielle A. Fouquette, Times Staff Writers,
May 29, 1994, Denver Post, Diary of Nixon aide available on CD-ROM,
June 1, 2006, Cineaste, EBSCO host Connection: Three Great Filmmakers: Haldeman,
February 6, 2007, WHDH-TV, Libby learns sentencing outcome Tuesday; might Bush pardon...
March 6, 2007, Burlington Hawk Eye, Libby learns sentence Tuesday,
May 15, 2007, Washington Post, Bemoaning the Commoners at Club Fed, by Peter Carlson,
June 2, 2007, USA Today, Libby readies for sentencing outcome,
January 12, 2010, The Washington Times, Inside the Beltway: The way it was,
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Dwight Chapin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_Chapin
Dwight Chapin. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Dwight L. Chapin (born December 2, 1940) is an American political ...
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November 16, 1968, Palm Beach Post - UPI, Nixon Summons Leaders to Talk,
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November 16, 1968, New York Times, page A-1, Nixon Seeks to Woo Labor and Negroes; Defines Policy Role, by Robert B. Semple Jr.,
President-elect Richard M. Nixon sought yesterday to open lines of communication with groups that opposed his candidacy, including organized labor and the Negro community. He also sought to unsnarl his lines of communication with the White House.
August 3, 1969, New York Times, Nixon's Inner Circle Meets; The staff is young, well organized, diverse -- and largely from California, by Robert B. Semple,
WASHINGTON. THE session is supposed to begin at 7: 45, but Herb Klein always arrives five minutes late. A man with a friendly nature, rumpled appearance and drooping eyes who regards the world through a perpetual squint, Klein mumbles his good mornings, then turns to the left to grope for the coffee urn, which is to the right.
July 1, 1970, Los Angeles Times, A Nixon Aide, Officially; Shutter Bug, Unofficially,
One of Dwight Chapin's most valued possessions is a photograph he took of Richard Nixon on election night morning at the exact moment of victory.
April 2, 1971, Lawrence Journal-World - AP, Chapin Prosecutor Sees 'Direct' Case,
... direct and straightforward" case showing that former presidential aide Dwight Chapin "deliberately lied" to a federal grand jury. But Chapin's attorney, Jacob ...
October 6, 1971, New York Times, Kissinger to Visit China to Prepare for Nixon's Trip, by Robert B. Semple Jr.,
One member will be Dwight L. Chapin, a personal assistant to the President whose duties include making sure that his tfi. ps are properly prepared. ...
October 15, 1971, New York Times, Kissinger to Begin Trip To Peking on Saturday,
October 17, 1971, New York Times - AP, Kissinger Party Flying to Peking; Is Due Wednesday
Gem James D. Hughes of tile Air Force, military assistant to the President; Dwight L. Chapin, Deputy Assistant to the President; Brig, Gen, Albert Redman ...
October 22, 1971, New York Times - Reuter, Peking Newspaper, in Unusual Move, Publishes Photos of Kissinger and Other U.S Aides,
... National Security Council member; Alfred Jenkins, State Department specialist on Communist China; Dwight L. Chapin, deputy assistant to Mr. Nixon; ...
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October 28, 1971, Eugene Register-Guard, page 5-A, AP Wirephoto, Chou Entertains Visitors At Banquet,
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February 13, 1972, New York Times, Official Party Named For Nixon China Trip, by Robert M. Smith,
William P. Rogers Secretary of State Marshall Green Asia specialist Alfred L. Jenkins Asia specialist Henry A. Kissinger Security adviser Dwight L. Chapin ...
February 13, 1972, Boston Globe, page A-1, Chinese seen eager for visit,
March 15, 1972, Toledo Blade, China Stay Cut Short President's Snooze Time,
Dwight Chapin. a special assistant who is also the President's appointments secretary, said . that Premier Chou En-lai's un usual working habits made it ...
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September 24, 1972, New York Times, JWT and the President,
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October 15, 1972, New York Times, Nixon Aide Is Called a 'Contact' for Political Spying,
WASHINGTON, Oct. 14 -- A 32-year-old California lawyer has sworn that a former employe of the Treasury Department told him that he engaged in undercover activities in behalf of efforts to re-elect President Nixon and that his White House "contact" was Dwight L. Chapin, the President's appointments secretary, The Washington Post reported tonight.
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October 15, 1972, News And Courier - UPI, Nixon Aides Linked To 'Political Sabotage',
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October 16, 1972, The Sun, 'Linked To Plot',
WASHINGTON White House aide Dwight Chapin has been linked to the alleged political sabot age of Democratic presidential campaigns in a published report ...
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October 16, 1972, Star-News - UPI, Nixon's Secretary Linked To Alleged Demo Sabotage,
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October 16, 1972, The Guardian, President's aides accused, by Peter Jenkins,
Sensational new revelations now link Republican espionage and subversion during the election campaign directly with the White House.
Both Time magazine and the Washington Post connect one of President Nixon's close personal aides with the activities of Mr Donald Segretti, a Los Angeles lawyer, who had earlier been identified as one of the undercover agents working for the committee to re-elect the President. Time magazine further alleges that payments of more than $35,000 to Segretti were made through President Nixon's personal attorney, Mr Herbert Kamlebach.
There is still no direct evidence linking the President with the Watergate burglary and the other criminal or covert activities of the Republicans, but the finger is beginning to point in his direction.
(Seven men are awaiting trial for their part in the Watergate affair, which involved the bugging and breaking into the Democratic National Committee offices.)
Time magazine cites Justice Department files and says the White House aide who recruited Segretti in September, 1971, was Mr Dwight Chapin. The Washington Post quotes the sworn testimony of a lawyer friend of Segretti to whom Segretti said: "Dwight Chapin was a person I reported to in Washington."
Mr Chapin is the President's appointments secretary. He has easy access to Mr Nixon and sees him most days.
Another White House assistant, Gordon Strachan, is also named as having been involved with the undercover activities. Money paid to Segretti came from the secret fund kept in the safe of Mr Maurice Stans, Mr Nixon's former Secretary of Commerce, at the headquarters of the Committee to Re-elect the President. According to Time magazine Segretti received his payments through Mr Kamlebach, whose closeness to Mr Nixon is indicated by the fact that he was the attorney who negotiated the purchase of Mr Nixon's estate in San Clemente, California. The Washington Post, quoting the sworn testimony of Segretti's friend, Lawrence Young, also a Californian attorney, alleges that White House aides rehearsed Segretti in the testimony he should give to the grand jury investigating the Watergate affair and promised him that he would be given an easy time by the prosecutors. Presidential aides were in possession of copies of two interviews which Segretti had with the FBI, one of them within 24 hours of his interrogation. The Post quotes its official sources as saying that criminal offences in connection with the Republicans' undercover activities would be difficult to prove in court. But the officials described them as despicable and vicious.
According to these FBI and Justice Department sources the espionage and sabotage "represented a basic strategy of the Nixon re-election effort."
The activities included forgery, distribution of false information, disruption of Democratic campaign schedules and meetings, investigating Democratic party workers, and placing agents provocateurs in Democratic organisations. The activities were conducted across the country and throughout the primary election campaign.
At a press conference in June Mr Nixon said that the methods used at the Watergate had "no place whatever in our electoral process." The White House "had no involvement whatsoever," he said.
The White House yesterday was refusing to comment on the allegations made against Mr Chapin. So far the Watergate affair and the subsequent allegations of wide-ranging foul play by the Nixon campaign appear to have made little impact on public opinion. The new revelations, linking intimates of the President with these activities, may have come too late to have much effect on the course of the election campaign.
The FBI and the Justice Department, both under the control of recent Nixon appointees, are in charge of the investigations and can determine the timing of legal proceedings. The trial of the accused in the Watergate affair will not get going until after the election on November 7 is safely over.
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October 16, 1972, Ellensburg Daily Record, Aide Accused,
WASHINGTON - The White House today labeled as politically motivated reports that President Nixon's appointments secretary, Dwight Chapin, was personally ...
October 17, 1972, New York Times, 3 Aides of Nixon Denounce Disruption-Tactic Charges; Articles Called 'Hearsay'; Nixon Aides Denounce Political Disruption Charge, by Robert B. Semple Jr.,
October 18, 1972, St. Joseph News-Press, Washington Window, by Norman Kempster,
October 19, 1972, New York Times, GOP and 'Spy' Plot; Nixon's Strategy Is Seen as Revealing Basic Views About Voters and the Press, by Robert B. Semple, Jr.,
October 19, 1972, New York Times, Segretti Apparently Tried To Join McGovern's Drive, by Steven V. Roberts,
October 21, 1972, Milwaukee Sentinel, Nixon Still Tricky Dick,' Shriver Says,
... declined to reply to accusations he received 28 telephone calls from an alleged political espionage agent. it's not two feet from Dwight Chapin's ...
October 21, 1972, Toledo Blade - AP, President Still Tricky, Shriver Says,
October 21, 1972, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Shriver Attempts to Unite Area Dems, by Frank N. Matthews, Post-Gazette Political Writer,
October 22, 1972, New York Times, The Week In Review, Still The Odor Lingers, by Walter Rugaber,
But early last week, Time magazine. reported that Mr. Segretti had been hired by Dwight L. Chapin, a deputy assistant to the President, and by Gordon .Strachan ...
October 25, 1972, New York Times, Worker for GOP Recalls Sabotage; Secretary Asserts She Was She Was Part of Anti-Muskie Plot in Florida's Primary, by Martin Waldron,
... Mr. Segretti's phone or charged to his credit card, were placed to the White House and to the home of Dwight L. Chapin, an assistant to President Nixon. ...
October 26, 1972, New York Times, New Account of Sabotage; Californian Gives Account of Sabotage, by Steven V. Roberts,
Several publications have linked Mr. Segretti to Dwight L. Chapin, a close aide to President Nixon who is one of Mr. Segretti's oldest friends. ...
October 26, 1972, Christian Science Monitor, White House, Post collide on spy story
President Nixon could be severely handicapped in cashing in on a Nov. 7 mandate if charges of Republican espionage are not disposed of in the public mind, political veterans here believe.
There are standing charges that Donald H. Segretti, a acquaintance of Dwight L. Chapin, a presidential assistant who works with Mr. Haldeman, ...
October 27, 1972, New York Times, page A-1, MacGregor Identifies Four Who Guided Special Fund;
MacGregor Identifies Four Who Controlled Special Campaign Fund,
October 29, 1972, New York Times, Two West Coast Students Say They Helped Segretti Obtain Political Information, by Steven V. Roberts,
October 30, 1972, New York Times, page A-22, President's Aide Admits Hiring Segretti, Time Says
Mr. Young, according, to The Post, said that Mr. Segretti had told him that " Dwight Chapin was a person I reported to in Washington.
October 30, 1972, Calgary Herald - AP, Nixon Aide Admits He Hired Saboteur, Says Magazine,
October 30, 1972, Boston Globe - UPI, Nixon aide said to admit GOP spy role,
October 31, 1972, The Sun - Washington Post Editorial, 'The Dirtiest Campaign In Memory',
November 2, 1972, New York Times, Jersey Man Asserts Segretti Described Florida Espionage, by David K. Shipler,
November 2, 1972, New York Times, Segretti Quoted on Florida Spying, by David K. Shipler,
January 29, 1973, Daytona Beach Morning Journal, Chapin Resigning As Nixon Aide,
With— firm denials he was being forced out the Florida White House said Monday that Dwight Chapin is resigning as President Nixon's appointments secretary. ...
January 29, 1973, New York Times, Nixon Aide Reported Being Forced Out, Nixon Aide Linked to G. O. P. Spying Reported Being Forced Out of White House 'Creative' Work Sought, by Seymour M. Hersh,
Dwight L. Chapin, President Nixon's appointments secretary, who has been linked to political espionage activities of the Republican re-election committee, has reportedly decided to leave the White House staff.
January 30 , 1973, Herald-Journal - AP, Chopin Resigns White House Post,
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January 30, 1973, New York Times, White House Says Nixon Aide Is Leaving But Denies Pressure, by Robert H. Phelps,
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January 30, 1973, Pittsburgh Press - Chicago Sun-Times News Service, page 27, Top Nixon Aide Quits Under Cloud,
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January 31, 1973, New York Times, Chapin to Join Airline; Notes on People
Dwight L. Chapin, who is President Nixon's appointments secretary, will join United Air Lines ...Notes on People Chapin to Join Airline Dwight L. Chapin, ...
February 2, 1973, Los Angeles Times, Nixon Lawyer's Link to Sabotage Alleged
The letter's reference to White House aides being In contact with Segretti apparently included Dwight L. Chapin, who is resigning as Mr. Nixon's appointments ...
February 8, 1973, New York Times, Chapin Said to Have Told Nixon Aide to Pay Segretti, by Seymour M. Hersh,
A former White House aide, Dwight L. Chapin, has told the Federal Bureau of Investigation that he directed Herbert W. Kalmbach, President Nixon's personal ...
March 10, 1973, New York Times, Editorial, The Vesco Affair
Mr. Segretti's "contact" in the White House was allegedly his friend, Dwight L. Chapin, a Presidential aide who abruptly resigned when the Segretti activities ...
March 13, 1973, New York Times, page A-1, Nixon Says Aides Will Not Testify, by John Herbers,
March 18, 1973, New York Times, Who Called the Signals?; Watergate, by John M. Crewdson,
In the months before the break-in, he was in frequent; telephone contact with Hunt, and also made calls to Dwight L. Chapin, who resigned in January as ...
April 11, 1973, Spokane Daily Chronicle - AP, Grand Jury Hears Ex-aides Of Nixon,
April 12, 1973, Milwaukee Journal, Grand Jury Widens Watergate Probe,
April 12, 1973, Southeast Missourian - AP, Capitol's Watergate Silence Spells Trouble,
April 12, 1973, Times Daily, Chapin, Strachan Questioned,
Questioned Wednesday Were former White House aides Dwight Chapin and Gordon Strachan and a California attorney, Donald Segretti. Both Chapin and have been ...
April 12, 1973, New York Times, Watergate Grand Jury Hears Two Former White House Aides and Segretti; None Will Comment, by Walter Rugaber,
Dwight L. Chapin, who resigned as President Nixon's appointments secretary to become an executive at United Air Lines early this year, was before the
April 12, 1973, New York Times, Counselor to Nixon Terms Watergate a Blow to Party, by John Herbers,
April 14, 1973, New York Times, Plan to Hear Nixon Aides On Watergate Discussed; Resignation Offered, by Walter Rugabers,
April 18, 1973, Milwaukee Journal, One Man's Idea Of Watergate, by Russell Baker,
Who was Dwight Chapin? Or should it be, who is Dwight Chapin? And if it is, then who is Segretti? Did Segretti, in fact, have garage space for his Maserati ...
April 18, 1973, Miami News - AP, Nixon Reverses Stand, Talks Of Suspension, by Don McLeod,
April 22, 1973, Tuscaloosa News - AP, Here Are Chronological Highlights of Watergate,
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May 1, 1973, Washington Post, page A-11, Haldeman, Intensely Loyal, Key to Access to Nixon, by Edward Walsh, Staff Writer,
Haldeman, Intensely Loyal, Key to Access to Nixon
H. R. Haldeman testifying in 1973. Wally McNamee -- Newsweek
Through the four years and four months of the Nixon administration, Harry Robbins (Bob) Haldeman has been the least visible and most powerful of that small band of White House assistants who could claim to be close to President Nixon.
At the White House he was the chief of staff, and from that position he wielded enormous power that flowed directly from his absolute control over both the people and the paper that reached the President's inner office.
He was aided in the exercise of that power by a personal relationship with Mr. Nixon that had been fostered over years of working together, stretching back to the mid-1950s and the Nixon campaign for re-election as vice president. Said to be Mr. Nixon's closest and most trusted aide, Haldeman is intensely loyal to the President and in Washington gathered around himself a group of tight-lipped young men who shared his devotion to the President and, in turn, were absolutely loyal to Haldeman.
Among them were former presidential appointments secretary Dwight L. Chapin, deputy Nixon campaign director Jeb Stuart Magruder and former presidential assistant Gordon Strachan -- names that kept cropping up in the investigations of the Watergate bugging incident and related allegations of political espionage and sabotage during the Nixon re-election campaign in 1972. Chapin, Magruder and Strachan have left the administration.
Slowly, the links between these loyal Haldeman aides and the ever-growing Watergate scandal became public. As late as April 4, Sen. Sam J. Ervin (D-N.C.), the chairman of the Senate select committee investigating the Watergate incident, issued a formal statement saying that "as of this time " there was "no evidence of any nature" to link Haldeman personally with any illegal activities during the 1972 campaign.
Nevertheless, sources familiar with both the Senate committee investigation and a separate federal grand jury probe into the bugging said investigators considered the role of Haldeman as the key to understanding the undercover activities of the 1972 Nixon campaign.
As far back as last October, a Justice Department source, referring to the espionage-sabotage campaign, said, "This is a Haldeman operation."
It was a curious position for Haldeman, who in almost 20 years of association with Mr. Nixon has been a largely invisible technician, a manager of people and paper flow who rarely voiced his own political convictions and who cherished, above all else, efficiency and his own personal anonymity.
Haldeman had stayed in the background through the first Nixon administration and the beginning months of the second as his power in the White House grew steadily. A Christian Scientist who neither smokes nor drinks, he would rarely show up in photographs of White House social functions or informal get-togethers of Nixon aides. He accumulated and held his power through hard, grinding work, arriving early at the White House and staying late. "Work consumes most of my father's time," Haldeman's son, Hank, 19, said in an interview last year.
And, according to most accounts, he exercised his power ruthlessly. Best known for his trademark, the closely cropped, 1950s style crewcut, Haldeman in the White House was portrayed as an unsmiling, curt taskmaster who guarded access to the President so closely he discouraged Republican senators and Cabinet secretaries from even trying to see Mr. Nixon. In one of the most often repeated Haldeman remarks, former White House speechwriter Richard Whalen, in his book "Catch the Falling Flag," quotes Haldeman as saying: "Every President needs an S.O.B. -- and I'm Nixon's."
They first met -- the President and self-described "President's S.O.B." -- in 1951 when Haldeman, on his first trip to Washington, visited Richard Nixon, the senator from California. Haldeman was fascinated by the Alger Hiss case and Sen. Nixon's involvement in it.
Besides an interest in anticommunism, Haldeman and Nixon shared a common area of birth and upbringing -- Southern California. But other than that accident of geography, there was little in common in the backgrounds of Nixon, the son of the poor Whittier, Calif., grocer, and Haldeman, oldest son of an upper-middle-class Los Angeles businessman.
Haldeman, 47, was born on Oct. 27, 1926, in Los Angeles. His grandfather had moved to California from Indiana shortly after the turn of the century and founded a pipe and building supply company that Haldeman's father later headed. His grandfather also helped found the Better American Foundation, an early anticommunist organization.
Young Haldeman attended private schools -- Hawthorne Grammar School and Harvard Episcopal School in Los Angeles -- then went on to the University of Southern California and, after a stint in the Navy, to UCLA, where he earned a degree in business administration. His roommate at UCLA was John D. Ehrlichman, head of the President's Domestic Council.
In 1949, Haldeman married Joanne Horton, whom he had met at UCLA and whom a friend describes as a "quiet, reserved, intense, lovely woman." They have two daughters and two sons, ranging in age from 12 to 21.
Haldeman first worked for Mr. Nixon as an advance man in the 1956 campaign. In the unsuccessful 1960 Nixon presidential campaign, Haldeman was elevated to chief advance man.
In between Haldeman returned to the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency in Los Angeles, where he was a vice president of the firm with accounts such as Walt Disney, 7-Up and Black Flag Insect Spray.
In 1962, Mr. Nixon recruited Haldeman again, naming him manager of his campaign for governor of California. This was the most disastrous Nixon campaign of all, ending in defeat and a tirade against the press ("You won't have Nixon to kick around any more") that seemed at the time to have stripped the former vice president of any hope of every again holding public office.
That 1962 campaign was all but forgotten during Mr. Nixon's later successes until last October, when it became widely known that the 1962 Nixon gubernatorial campaign committee had organized and financed an effort to sabotage his opponent's campaign among registered Democrats.
The evidence was in an official 1964 judgment of San Francisco County Superior Court that held that the effort was authorized by both Mr. Nixon and Haldeman.
The California judgment gave further credence to Haldeman's reputation as the complete political pragmatist who gets the job done. Since he rarely speaks in public, little is known of Haldeman's own political convictions, which he has described as "right of center."
Most of what is accomplished is done by a few achievers rather than the general population," Haldeman said in a 1970 interview. "I want to make sure we don't enforce a common level of mediocrity by putting through programs that tend to lower everybody to a standard which can be attained by the majority."
In the 1968 Nixon presidential campaign, Haldeman was given the title of Mr. Nixon's personal chief of staff. After the election, he headed planning of the White House staff, putting together the people over whom he would exercise the most direct, day-to-day control.
Haldeman had no official title in the 1972 Nixon campaign, but was considered the architect of the President's campaign. He continued to put in long hours at the White House and to accumulate thousands of feet of motion picture film he has taken over the years of the President and the Nixon family.
On Oct. 25, The Washington Post reported that Haldeman was one of five high-ranking presidential assistants authorized to make payments from a secret Nixon campaign cash fund. The fund, which at times contained as much as $700,000 financed a spying and sabotage campaign against Democratic presidential candidates, according to federal investigators.
The White House denied at the time that a secret fund existed and said that "at no time did Bob Haldeman have authority to disburse or direct the disbursement of funds contributed for the President's re-election."
Haldeman's role, if any, in the actual Watergate bugging and the campaign of political espionage and sabotage is not known, even today. But it is known that many of the men alleged to have been involved in the espionage and sabotage -- Chapin, Magruder and Strachan, for example -- had worked for Haldeman and owed their positions and loyalty to him and the President. Haldeman, in effect, ran the President's re-election committee through these trusted aides.
On March 28, Haldeman told an off-the-record meeting of several Republican congressmen that he personally ordered "surveillance" of Democratic presidential candidates, including the taping of their speeches and public statements. At the meeting, he gave the impression that these supposedly legal activities somehow "got out of hand," according to one congressman.
Haldeman, however, was deeply implicated in allegations of attempts to cover up White House involvement in the Watergate affair. At least two high level White House officials have concluded that the cover-up was supervised by Haldeman and his college roommate, domestic policy adviser Ehrlichman.
Over the weekend, reliable sources told The Washington Post that White House counsel John W. Dean III intends to swear under oath that he gave regular reports on the cover-up operation to Haldeman and Ehrlichman at their direction.
The Watergate grand jury also is attempting to determine whether Haldeman ordered the payment of "hush money" to the seven convicted Watergate conspirators in return for their silence, according to government sources. Payments to the conspirators allegedly came from a $350,000 campaign cash fund kept in the White House under Haldeman's control.
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May 2, 1973, New York Times, 6 May Be Indicted; Promises of Clemency in Break-In Called Part of Scheme, by Seymour M. Hersh, Secret Meeting Four Others Involved Watergate Investigators Link Cover-Up to High White House Aides and Mitchell 6 Indictments Expected; Clemency Offer Alleged 10 Month Study Cited Party in the Potomac Running the Cover-Up' Withstanding Pressure
They are Dwight L.. Chapin, the President s former secretary; Gordon Strachan, a Haldeinan assistant; Herbert L. Porter, who worked for Herbert Klein's ...
May 3, 1973, New York Times, Teams of Agents; Drive Viewed as Way to Help McGovern Get Nomination, by Seymour M. Hersh, Aid for McGovern Held Aim of Wide Campaign Inquiry by Fraud Unit; Letter to Muskie Cited; Agents Organized Two Groups Merged,
Government investigators say they now have evidence that Republican sabotage and espionage efforts in the election campaign last year were far more widespread than was previously known and were designed to help Senator George McGovern win the Democratic nomination for President.
May 18, 1973, New York Times, page A-20, A Man Disillusioned by Politics; Vietnam Veteran Accord, by James T. Wooton,
House staff, working directly under Dwight L. Chapin, the appointments secretary, and in-directly under HR Haldeman, ultimately the President s ...
May 26, 1973, New York Times, Board to Check Charges on Jet Crash; No Evidence Found, by Robert Lindsey,
He has also linked the crash to the appointment in January of Dwight L. Chapin, then President Nixon's appointment secretary, as an executive of United. ...
May 26, 1973, Palm Beach Post, (c) New York Times, Jet Crash Sabotage Study Set,
June 17, 1973, New York Times, The Last Word; Watergateiana, by Richard R. Lingemen,
In case you've forgotten, today is the first anniversary of the Watergate break-in. Like everyone else, the Book Review has been following the case with all the sustained fascination of children watching 20 suspenseful chapters of Flash Gordon.
By the same token, can there be much of a market for the confessions of Dwight L . Chapin, Charles Colson, Herbert W. Kalmbach, Jeb Stuart Magruder, Egil ...
June 27, 1973, Los Angeles Times, 'Tick' Segretti: GOP Answer to Dick Tuck,
June 27, 1973, New York Times, Dean's Transcript of News Briefing 'Practice Session'; No Sources,
ZIEGLER: Dwight Chapin has already made it clear that the story was fundamentally inaccurate and one based on hearsay. Now there have been a number of ...
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July 21, 1973, New York Times, Former Political Liaison Man; Gordon Creighton Strachan, Classmate of Ziegler,
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September 18, 1973, Los Angeles Times, Segretti Seems Open to Hard Questioning,
But the list of those who financed or had contact with Segretti includes HR Haldeman, John D. Ehrlichman, John W. Dean III, Dwight L. Chapin, Gordon C.
October 1, 1973, New York Times, Watergate Session Off Till Wednesday; Linked to Muskie Campaign Dwight Chapin and 'Fat Jack' Won't Testify Before Panel,
October 1, 1973, Lodi News-Sentinel - UPI, Segretti Leads Off Hearings,
October 1, 1973, St. Joseph Gazette - UPI, Testimony Refusal Delays Hearings,
October 1, 1973, St. Petersburg Times - UPI, One-day Delay Hits Watergate,
October 1, 1973, Lakeland Ledger - AP, Nation ..Watergate Hearing Delayed,
October 3, 1973, Beaver Country Times - UPI, Sabotage Efforts Were Encouraged,
October 3, 1973, Pittsburgh Press, Hired, Paid, Segretti Says Bomb Threat Disrupts Probe,
testimony interrupted by a bomb threat, told the Senate Watergate committee today that ex-presidential aide Dwight Chapin hired him to conduct political ...
October 4, 1973, New York Times, page A-1, Segretti Describes Chapin As Boss of 'Dirty Tricks', by David E. Rosenbaum,
October 4, 1973, New York Times, News Summary and Index; The Major Events of the Day,
October 4, 1973, New York Times, Excerpts From Segretti's Testimony Before Senator Ervin's Select Committee,
October 4, 1973, New York Times, Dirty Tricks' Man; Donald Henry Segretti Peace Symbol on Checks Warren' Was Hunt, by John M. Crewdson,
About to be discharged from the Army and eager to begin his delayed career as a civilian, Donald Henry Segretti arrived in Washington two years ago for a reunion with two college buddies who had offered him a job.
October 6, 1973, New York Times, United and the Chapin Question; Notes on People,
Dwight L. Chapin, President Nixon's former appointments secretary and now a figure in the Watergate investigation, needn't worry about keeping his job as a ...
October 7, 1973, New York Times, Watergate Hearings, Phase 2: The Tricks Were Dirty but Inept, by David E. Rosenbaum,
November 26, 1973, New York Times, page A-11, Spy Said to Link Chapin with Hunt; Segretti Is Reported to Tell Prosecutors of Liaison; The 'Sex Letter', by John M. Crewdson,
Donald H. Segretti has told Watergate prosecutors that it was Dwight L. Chapin, while President Nixon's appointments secretary, who first alerted him early ...
November 29, 1973, Evening Independent - AP, Grand Jury Indicts Chapin On 4 Counts,
WASHINGTON ( - A federal grand jury today indicted former White House aide Dwight Chapin on four counts of lying to a Watergate grand jury. ...
November 29, 1973, The Telegraph - AP, Chapin Indicted,
November 30, 1973, Boston Globe, Watergate jury indicts Chapin,
Watergate jury indicts Chapin Dwight L. Chapin, President Nixon's former appointments secretary, yesterday was indicted on four counts of lying to the ...
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November 30, 1973, Daytona Beach Morning Journal, page A-1, Former Nixon Aide Chapin Charged With Lying,
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November 30, 1973,Virgin Islands Daily News - AP, Chapin Indicted On 4 Counts Of Perjury,
November 30, 1973, Bangor Daily News - AP, Former Nixon Aide Indicted,
November 30, 1973, Times-Union - UPI, New Initiative By Watergate Prosecution; Chapin Indicted,
November 30, 1973, New York Times, page A-1, Chapin Is Indicted On Charge He Lied On Segretti Links, by Anthony Ripley,
4 Perjury Counts a Result of Testimony Defendant Gave to Watergate Grand Jury; JAWORSKI IS ACCUSER; Ex-White House Aide Faces Up to 5 Years and $10,000 Fine on Each Allegation; False Declaration'; Alleged False Statements; Segretti's Testimony; A High Point of Career;
President Nixon's former appointments secretary, Dwight L. Chapin, was indicted today on four counts of perjury in the Watergate scandals.
November 30, 1973, Christian Science Monitor, Watergate-tape gap-- and memory gaps, too,
When Thursday's four-count indictment for perjury of Dwight L. Chapin was delivered to the court by one of the two Watergate grand jury s foremen, ...
December 2, 1973, New York Times, 'Operation Court' Is Not Helping Operation Candor,
December 7, 1973, Los Angeles Times, Photo Standalone 10 -- No Title,
PLEADS -Former Presidential Appointments Secretary Dwight L Chapin meets newsmen otter pleading innocent in to charges ...
December 7, 1973, Times-Union - UPI, Chopin Enters Innocent Plea,
December 8, 1973, Lakeland Ledger - AP, Former Nixon Aide Pleads Innocent,
December 8, 1973, Ellensburg Daily Record - UPI, Chopin Pleads Not Guilty .Washington,
December 8, 1973, Michigan Daily, Chapin Pleads Innocent,
Former presidential appointments secretary Dwight Chapin pleaded innocent yesterday to charges that he lied to the Watergate grand jury about the activities ...
December 8, 1973, New York Times, Chapin Pleads Not Guilty to Lying to Watergate Jury,
Dwight L. Chapin, President Nixon's former appointments secretary, pleaded not guilty today to charges that he had committed perjury before a grand jury ...
January 24, 1974, Lewiston Morning Tribune - AP, Dean To Be Witness Against Dwight Chapin,
Meanwhile, Senate Republican leader Hugh Scott repeated his assertion that he has seen evidence that Dean lied to the Senate Watergate committee. ...
January 24, 1974, Argus-Press - AP, Dean Listed As A Major Witness,
January 24, 1974, Pittsburgh Press, Dean To Be Called In Trial Of Chapin,
January 24, 1974, New York Times, Prosecutor Will Call Dean As Witness in Chapin Trial,
The Watergate special prosecutor plans to call John W. Dean 3d as a witness in the perjury trial of Dwight L. Chapin, according to a memorandum filed today in ...
February 1, 1974, Boston Globe, page A-1, No evidence that Dean has lied, by George Lardner Jr.,
February 1, 1974, New York Times, Dean's Credibility Backed By Watergate Prosecution, by Anthony Ripley,
Dwight L. Chapin, former White House aide, arriving at US District Court in Washington yesterday. The White House documents that staff of the special ...
February 4, 1974, Christian Science Monitor, Watergate whirlpool again spins around Dean testimony, by Robert P. Hey Staff correspondent of The Christian Science Monitor,
February 11, 1974, Lawrence Journal-World, Nixon And His Fallen Aides .Visit By Chapin Spotlights Link, by Rowland Evans and Robert Novak,
WASHINGTON — Dwight Chapin, President Nixon's indicated former appointments secretary who faces up to 20 years, if convicted for perjury, recently visited ...
February 15, 1974, Boston Globe, White House out to destroy Dean credibility,
But in a pretrial proceeding on the perjury indictment of Dwight L, Chapin, former presidential appointments secretary, the prosecutor s office was ...
February 15, 1974, Los Angeles Times, Chapin Rights Not Violated, Jaworski Says,
... had not prejudiced former presidential appointments secretary Dwight L. Chapin's right to a fair tri- US Dist. Judge Gerhard A. Gesell meanwhile scheduled ...
February 16, 1974, Williamson Daily News - UPI, page 7, Will Wait Until Jury Chosen To Deliver Watergate Indictments,
February 21, 1974, New York Times, Gesell Rejects Chapin Plea To Bar Testimony by Dean;
... ruled today against a claim of attorney-client privilege that would have kept John W. Dean 3d from testifying at the perjury trial of Dwight L. Chapin, ...
March 2, 1974, Sarasota Herald-Tribune, The Watergate Boxscore Of Prosecution, Cases .
DIRTY TRICKS: . Dwight L Chapin. the President's former appointments secretary, indicted Nov. 1973 on four counts of making false declarations before grand ...
March 5, 1974, Evening News, Dwight Chapin: Same Wail As Angela Davis, Berrigan, by William Ringle,
WASHINGTON With the country knee-deep —nay. fanny-deep — in ironies, it is not surprising that the elegant Dwight Chapin, President Nixon's former appoint ...
March 5, 1974, Los Angeles Times, Chapin Report Was in Error,
story in Saturday editions of The Times listing persons and corporations involved in the Watergate scandals incorrectly reported that Dwight L Chapin had ...
March 24, 1974, Boston Globe, White House gives specific instances of alleged distored...
Horschensohn also said CBS, the Post, ABC and Time Magazine had all Inbeled former White House appointments secretary Dwight L. Chapin as a "Watergate man" ...
March 31, 1974, Herald-Journal - AP, Chopin Goes On Trial Monday
April 1, 1974, The Phoenix - AP, Presidential Aide On Trial For Lying,
April 1, 1974, Beaver Country Times - UPI, Segretti Key Chapin Witness,
Dwight Chapin, President Nixon's former appointments secretary charged with lying about political dirty tricks played on the Democrats during the ...
April 1, 1974, New York Times, page A-19, Chapin Trial Opens in US Court Today,
Dwight L. Chapin, President Nixon's former appointments secretary, is scheduled to go on trial in United States District Court here tomorrow on charges of lying to a Federal grand jury that was investigating political spying and sabotage during the 1972 Presidential campaign.
April 1, 1974, Los Angeles Times, Jury Chosen For Chapin's Trial On Perjury Counts,
seven men and five women was chosen today to try Dwight L. Chapin, President Nixon's former appointments secretary, on four charges that he lied under ...
April 2, 1974, Victoria Advocate - AP, Chapin Jury Chosen; Testimony Begins Today,
April 2, 1974, Christian Science Monitor, Inside the news-briefly,
... to a grand jury about his ties with convicted political saboteur Donald Segretti AP photo Dwight L. Chapin East-West trade to slow in 1974 Geneva East- West ...
April 2, 1974, New York Times, Chapin-Case Jury Chosen; Segretti to Testify Today; Dispute Over Jury,
April 2, 1974, Boston Globe, President's brother to testify this week, by Frederick Winship,
Dwight L. Chapin hails a cab as he and his wife, Susan, leave US District Courthouse in Washington where jury of seven men and five ...
April 2, 1974, Palm Beach Post - UPI, Judge Read Chapin Tape Transcripts,
WASHINGTON - A District Court judge said yesterday he had read transcripts of tapes which may be Introduced at the perjury trial of Dwight Chapin, President ...
April 2, 1974, The Baltimore Sun, page A-1,Table of Contents 2 -- No Title,
case of Dwight L. Chapin, the former presidential appointments secretary, who went on trial at United States District Court on four charges of lying to ...
April 3, 1974, New York Times, Segretti and Kalmbach Testify Against Their Friend, Chapin;, by David E. Rosenbaum,
Donald H. Segretti testified today at the trial of Dwight L. Chapin that he had reported regularly to Mr. Chapin about the bogus campaign literature he was ...
April 3, 1974, Milwaukee Journal, Prosecution Rests In Chapin Trial,
April 3, 1974, Evening Independent - AP, Prosecution Rests Case In Chapin Perjury Trial,
April 3, 1974, Boston Globe, Segretti testifies Chapin knew of campaign tricks,
Dwight L. Chapin was kept informed about fake political literature that Donald H. Segretti distributed in the 1972 campaign and knew what Segretti was being paid, witnesses testified yesterday.
Sheltered from the rain which drenched the nation s capital yesterday, Dwight L. Chapin and his wife, Susan, arrive for opening session of his trial Associated ...
April 3, 1974, Boston Globe, Chapin gets look at outside world,
Chapin gets look at outside world For Dwight L. Chapin, President Nixon's glossy young former appointments secretary, the selection of a jury for his trial was a ...
April 4, 1974, New York Times, page A-31, Chapin Says He Ignored Most Segretti Data, by David E. Rosenbaum,
Dwight L. Chapin took the witness stand in his own defense today and testified
April 4, 1974, New York Times, 4 Specialists on Taxes Who Advised President,
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April 4, 1974, Sarasota Herald-Tribune - AP, Chapin Admits Coverup Effort In Haldeman's Behalf,
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April 5, 1974, Daytona Beach Morning Journal, Far From Verdict,
WASHINGTON jury trying Dwight L Chapin on charges that he lied under oath reported Thursday night it was nowhere near a verdict and asked to deliberate ...
April 5, 1974, Toledo Blade, People Outside White House Gates In Charge Now At Dwight Chapin Trial, by Mary McGrory,
It had been something of an education for Dwight Chapin. He is the first of the President's men to be tried in a Watergate tributary.
April 5, 1974, New York Times, Jury in Washington Gets Chapin Case,
April 6, 1974, The Journal, Chapin To Appeal Conviction,
WASHINGTON - Former White House aide Dwight L Chapin, convicted of lying to a federal grand jury investigating political espionage, vows "to continue to fight ...
April 6, 1974, Observer-Reporter, In .Be Sentenced May .Dwight Chapin Found Guilty Of Perjury By Federal Jury,
WASHINGTON Dwight Chapin, once President Nixon's appointments secretary, was convicted Friday on two counts of lying to a grand jury investigating political ...
April 6, 1974, Southeast Missourian - AP, page 3, Chapin Continues Fight For Innocence,
April 7, 1974, Daytona Beach Morning Journal, Why Lock Up Chapin?, by Tom Wicker,
April 7, 1974, New York Times, Tight Situations; An Ambiguous Reaction At the White House,
Dwight L: Chapin, his said benefited only him and his mer appointments secretary, was tried family, and not the public, and did not and found guilty of ...
April 8, 1974, Boston Globe, Chapin trial is ominous for others,
Chapin trial is ominous for others Dwight L. Chapin, who a year ago was ushering visitors into the Oval Office, may soon be escorted to Federal prison.
April 9, 1974, Wall Street Journal, Chapin Quits UAL Unit After Perjury Conviction, 173 words,
By a WALL STREET JOURNAL Staff Reporter CHICAGO Dwight L. Chapin, President Nixon's former appointments secretary who was convicted last Friday on ...
April 13, 1974, New York Times - UPI, Lawyer For Chapin Seeks a New Trial,
The lawyer for Dwight L. Chapin, the former Presidential appointments secretary, filed motions late today asking that his client's conviction be set aside and that he be granted a new trial away from Washington.
April 24, 1974, New York Times, Silbert Defends Action in Inquiry; es on Promotion
... that he personally interviewed Dwight L. Chapin, the President's appointments secretary, and Gordon C. Strachan, a former assistant to HR Haldeman, ...
April 27, 1974, Boston Globe, Judge rejects Chapin's plea for new trial
Judge rejects Chapin's plea for new trial US District Judge Gerhard A. Gesell yesterday rejected acquittal and new trial motions of Dwight L. Chapin, former ...
May 3, 1974, New York Times, Why Appled-Cheeked Young Men in Gucci Loafers Sought Permission to Eat in the White House Mess, Where the Air Is Rarefied and the Food Is Mexican, by Zan Thompson,
One time, it was for Dwight L. Chapin, then appointments secretary for the President. We were doing a breakfast interview with a reporter for The Los ...
May 11, 1974, The Sun - AP, Chapin pleads for probation,
Chapin pleads for probation Washington AP-- Arguing that he already ls "marked for life," Dwight L. Chapin, the former White House appointments secretary ...
May 16, 1974, Herald-Journal, Former Nixon Aide Dwight L. Chapin Sentenced To Ten Months,
WASHINGTON Another former Nixon aide, appointments secretary Dwight Chapin, was sentenced to prison Wednesday. He maintained his innocence and expressed ...
May 16, 1974, page A-5, New York Times, Chapin Sentenced to 10-30 Months; Former Nixon Aide Appeals Prison Term for Lying to Watergate Grand Jury, by Anthony Ripley,
May 16, 1974, Christian Science Monitor, Inside the news-briefly
secretary Dwight L. Chapin was ay to 10 to 30 months in prison for lying under oath about political dirty tricks in the 1972 campaign. He was the second high- ...
May 16, 1974, Boston Globe, Chapin gets 10 to 30 months in prison for lying,
Chapin gets 10 to 30 months in prison for lying President Nixon's former appointments secretary,Dwight L. Chapin, was sentenced to 10 to 30 months in prison ...
May 16, 1974, Boston Globe, Photo Standalone 1 -- No Title,
Photo Standalone 1 -- No Title Former presidential aide Dwight L. Chapin and his wife, Susan, leave Federal courthouse in Washington where Chapin ...
May 16, 1974, Chicago Tribune, Table of Contents 3 -- No Title
NIXON S FORMER appointments secretary, Dwight L. Chapin, was sentenced to 10 to 30 months in prison on a perjury charge and vowed he would appeal the ...
May 16, 1974, Toledo Blade - AP, Chapin Given Prison Term,
May 16, 1974, Bangor Daily News - AP, Chapin Gets Jail Term,
May 17, 1974, New York Times, Kleindienst Admits Misdemeanor Guilt, by Anthony Ripley,
May 19, 1974, New York Times, Editorial, The Lines Are Drawn,
May 20, 1974, New York Times, Kleindienst Guilty,
This is in marked contrast with the sentence of ten months imposed on Dwight L. Chapin, former Appointments Secretary to President Nixon, for his perjury ...
May 22, 1974, New York Times, page A-1, Magruder Given a 10-Month Term; Deputy Director of Nixon's Campaign Sentenced for His Role in Watergate,
On May 15, Dwight L. Chapin, former White House appointments secretary, was sentenced to 10 to 30 months for lying to a Watergate grand 'jury. ...
June 6, 1974, New York Times, Lindsay Declines Professorship at Hunter; Notes on People, by Albin Krebbs,
... Jackson confirmed yesterday that the Senators had received identical, handwritten notes from Dwight L. Chapin, President Nixon's former appointments secret...
June 9, 1974, New York Times, Epilogue; Cancellation
The handwritten note that Dwight L. Chapin recently sent to Senator Hubert H. Humphrey, Democrat of Minnesota, apologizing for Mr. Chapin's connection with ...
June 9, 1974, New York Times, A White House taped; An aide to Dwight Eisenhower finds the Nixon Presidency joyless and aimless, a gray fortress, by Emmet John Hughes,
The President's former appointments secretary, Dwight Chapin, took the occasion of being recently sentenced to jail for perjury to make an observation about ...
June 9, 1974, Boston Globe, Colson: White House tough guy displays new image,
June 16, 1974, Boston Globe, On Watergate crimes and punishment
Only one Watergate figure, Dwight L. Chapin, pleaded innocent and went to trial; he was found guilty and sentenced to 10 to 30 months in prison. ...
February 24, 1975, Christian Science Monitor, Watergate appeals: 2 more years?,
The 21-month estimate is a calculation of Jacob Stein, the Washington, DC, lawyer who represented Dwight L;. Chapin and Kenneth W. Parkinson. ...
July 15, 1975, Morning Record - AP, Appeals Court Upholds Finding Against Chapin,
WASHINGTON (AP) - The .US Court of Appeals upheld on Monday the conviction of former presidential appointments secretary Dwight Chapin on charges of ...
August 12, 1975, The Day - AP, Dwight Chapin Begins Serving Term In Prison,
Special Dwight Chapin has begun serving a 10-to-30 month prison term for lying to the Watergate grand jury. Chapin surrendered to officials at the federal minimum ...
August 12, 1975, Los Angeles Times, Ex-Nixon Aide Enters Prison,
Former presidential appointments secretary Dwight L. Chapin began serving a 10-to 30-month sentence at Lompoc Federal Prison for lying to a grand jury ..
August 13, 1975, The Sun - Reuter, Chapin begins Watergate sentence
Dwight L. Chapin, the appointments secretary to ex- President Nixon, has serving a 10- to 30-month tence at federal prison here lying to a Watergate ....
August 13, 1975, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette - AP, Chapin Begins His Prison Term,
Dwight Chapin yesterday began serving a 10 - to - 30 month term here for lying to a Watergate grand jury. Chapin, White House appointments secretary under ...
September 16, 1975, New York Times - AP, Chapin Asks High Court To Review Perjury Case,
Dwight L. Chapin, onetime appointments secretary to President Nixon, asked the Supreme Court today to review his perjury conviction. nfr. ...
September 16, 1975, Spokane Daily Chronicle - AP, Chopin Asking Case Review,
December 9, 1975, New York Times, Chapin Appeal Denied,
Dwight L. Chapin, who was Nixon's appointments secretary, for lying to a grand jury about his dealings with , Donald H. Segretti. Mr. Chapin was convicted ...
December 23, 1975, News And Courier - AP, Chapin Sentence Reduced,
WASHINGTON A federal judge Monday cut short tho prison sentence of Dwight Chapin , appointments secretary to former President Richard Nixon. ...
December 23, 1975, Times-Union, Early Release From Prison Likely For Former Nixon Aide,
December 23, 1975, Christian Science Monitor, Inside the news-briefly,
... and said "no" US military personnel are currently in Angola. short the prison sentence of Dwight L. Chapin, appointments secretary to former President Nixon.
February 6, 1976, Toledo Blade, Dwight Chapin To Be Paroled,
February 6, 1976, Los Angeles Times, Dwight Chapin to Be Paroled From Lompoc,
February 7, 1976, New York Times, Notes on People; Chapin, Nixon Aide, Gets Parole in April
Less than eight months after he entered prison, convicted for perjury in a Watergate case, Dwight L. Chapin will be paroled April 2 from the minimum- security ...
April 3, 1976, The Sun - Reuter, Dwight Chapin freed on parole in Calif.,
Dwight Chapin freed on parole in Calif. Lompoc, Calif. (Reuter) - Dwight Chapin, appointments secretary to President Richard M. Nixon, was released on pa- ...
April 15, 1976, Milwaukee Journal, Chapin Paid In Prison,
Stone paid Dwight Chapin the equivalent of a 45,000 a year salary while Chapin served a perjury conviction for his part in the Watergate affair, it was confirmed ...
April 15, 1976, New York Times, Notes on People; Rep. Hays and Secretary Marry,
A Republican financial contributor paid Dwight L. Chapin at the rate of 45,000 a year for the seven months he spent in jail for his Watergate perjury conviction, ...
April 19, 1976, Evening News, Chapin Leaves Prison,
DWIGHT CHAPIN Nixon aide Leaves Prison . WASHINGTON - Dwight Chapin, former appointments secretary to President Richard Nixon, celebrated his ...
June 19, 1977, Boston Globe, Watergate revisited,
... Fred LaRue and Gordon Liddy, Dwight Chapin and Charles Colson--men who otherwise forever would have remained unknown toilers in the tangled vineyard ...
June 22, 1977, New York Times, No Bars, Armed Guards or Uniforms for Haldeman,
Dwight L. Chapin, deputy assistant to 'resident ?.'i::on, Herbert W. Kalmbach, 14r. Nixon's personal attorney, and Donald H. , a Nixon campaign aide, ...
March 15, 1978, Milwaukee Journal, Nixon Figures Plan Rally Here,
at least million to Richard Nixon's presidential campaigns, and convicted Watergate conspirator Dwight L. Chapin will sponsor a rally here next month promoting ...
November 5, 1979, Boca Raton News, Dwight Chapin: Mr. Positive Tackles A Career As Publisher,
You can lay out for him all of the country's problems, and he'll tell you why .what's happening is good, what is being flushed out, what needs to be worked on.
July 17, 1980, Bangor Daily News, Nixon Is The Missing Man,
Simon, Donald Rumsfeld, Richard Moore, Anne Armstrong, Ronald Ziegler and Dwight Chapin. They were Cabinet secretaries, White House aides and key advisers ...
July 18, 1980, Boston Globe, Convention Notebook; 6 Weeks Later - The Speech,
Dwight L. Chapin, who served a six- month term in federal prison in Lompoc, Calif., works for W. Clement Stone, the Chicago multimillionaire and major Nixon ...
June 17, 1982, Windsor Star, Watergate Plus Ten: Where are they now?, Dwight Chapin,
Dwight Chapin . Dwight Chapin . An appointments secretary to Nixon, Chapin served nearly eight months in prison for lying to a grand jury about his knowledge ...
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July 24, 1986, Chicago Tribune, Dwight Chapin Taps Into Brakes After Watergate,
Dwight Chapin, the latest of several Watergate felons to find success in the business world, has taken over as managing director for Asia of Hill & Knowlton, one of the world's largest public relations firms.
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December 2, 1986, Los Angeles Times, Nixon Papers Show Concern for the Trivial, by Robert L. Jackson and Paul Houston, Times Staff Writers,
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February 3, 1987, New York Times, Nixon Will Fight Release of Papers, by Ben. E. Franklin,
February 4, 1987, New York Times, Nixon Will Fight Release of Papers, by Ben. E. Franklin,
Correction Appended
Former President Richard M. Nixon will challenge the legality of publishing many and possibly all of the 1.5 million Watergate documents the National Archives has prepared for release in May, his lawyer said today.
In Federal District Court here today, lawyers argued the legality of a Reagan Administration ruling supporting Mr. Nixon's demand for tight control over release of the Watergate documents.
The Nixon archives include 42 million pages of documents and 4,000 hours of tape recordings. The first 1.5 million pages of the Nixon papers, including a variety of non-Watergate documents, were released last November without objection.
Today's objection came as no surprise, however, after three previous lawsuits since 1974 by Mr. Nixon or his former White House aides to block the release of the "Nixon Special Files." Those files, created in and named by the Nixon White House, contain "sensitive" material from the last three years of Mr. Nixon's Presidency. They contain material up to Aug. 9, 1979, when he resigned under threat of impeachment.
Last year, the Justice Department ruled on the release of the documents that the Archives must honor any President's claim of the right to preserve the privacy of certain documents.
An advocacy group, Public Citizen, founded by Ralph Nader, then sued to invalidate the ruling. The suit contends that the Justice Department is attempting to nullify the Presidential Recordings and Materials Preservation Act of 1974, a law enacted to expose the Nixon archives to rapid and full public view.
At a brief hearing before Federal District Judge George H. Revercomb today, Herbert J. Miller Jr., a Nixon attorney in the Watergate era and since then Mr. Nixon's principal lawyer in the documents dispute, said today, "We are ready to claim executive privilege and, indeed, will probably claim it in the near future" to limit the scope of, or perhaps to seek to bar entirely, the forthcoming release of Nixon White House files.
At one point, referring to the planned release in May of documents in a discussion with Eric R. Glitzenstein, the advocacy group's lawyer, Judge Revercomb said, "I am not going to assume that President Nixon will have wholesale objections."
A moment later, however, Mr. Miller said: "I don't want to fool the court. There may be a lawsuit challenging the entire process" involving millions of other less sensitive documents from the Nixon White House years.
The hearing today was on motions by Mr. Miller and Jeffrey S. Paulsen, the Justice Department attorney opposing the advocacy group's lawsuit, to dismiss it or, as Mr. Paulsen suggested, to hold it "in abeyance" until after May 4.
The Archives announced in the Federal Register last Friday that the 1.5 million-page Watergate file would be made public May 4. Under the 1974 Congressional measure, only Mr. Nixon's personal papers - those wholly unconnected with the duties of the Presidency - and those with "national security" implications were to be segregated and withheld during the National Archives' prerelease screening of the files. The archivists' review of the Special Files exempted from public release about 5 percent of the total, according to an Archives spokesmen.
The Nixon Special Files, more than 628 cubic feet of boxes, include nearly 140,000 pages of documents handled personally by Mr. Nixon during his five and-a-half-year Presidency.
The files of 37 Nixon aides, including Charles W. Colson, John W. Dean, John D. Ehrlichman and H.R. Haldeman, who were sentenced to prison terms for their Watergate activity, and Patrick Buchanan, then a Nixon speechwriter and now the Reagan White House communications director, make up the remainder.
Others whose files the Archives said it would make public in May include the former White House aides Stephen B. Bull, Alexander P. Butterfield, J. Fred Buzhardt, Dwight L. Chapin, Alexander M. Haig and Ronald L. Ziegler. Among those whose have no files involved but who asked for prior notice because they might be mentioned in the files of others is former Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger.
The Archives notice of the May 4 publication date said any of about 100 Nixon Administration figures who had demanded prepublication review of the files must state their claims for restricted access by May 1.
Correction: February 4, 1987, Wednesday, Late City Final Edition
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March 18, 1988, Los Angeles Times, No-Nonsense Judge Assigned Iran-Contra Case, by Jim Mann, Times Staff Writer,
WASHINGTON — Fourteen years ago, President Richard M. Nixon's former appointments secretary, an earnest, well-dressed young man named Dwight L. Chapin, stood before a federal judge in a Washington courtroom to await sentencing on perjury charges stemming from the Watergate scandal.
"(You) apparently chose loyalty to your superiors above your obligations as a citizen and a public servant," the judge told him. And with that, he imposed on the ex-White House aide and first-offender the relatively stiff sentence of at least 10 months in prison.
Now, this same white-haired jurist, U.S. District Judge Gerhard A. Gesell, has been chosen to preside over the trial of President Reagan's former aides, Lt. Col. Oliver L. North and Rear Adm. John M. Poindexter.
The designation of Gesell, 77, one of the best-known and most experienced trial judges in the nation, could have a profound impact on the criminal proceedings. It will be up to Gesell to determine the schedule and pace of the case. He will be the final arbiter on the question of whether the trial will begin before or after the November presidential elections, before or after President Reagan leaves office.
Sensitive Questions of Law
And it will be up to Gesell to rule on many of the critical and extremely sensitive questions of law in the case: Should North and Poindexter be tried together or separately? Should defense lawyers be allowed to call Reagan or Vice President George Bush as witnesses? To what extent can classified materials be used in the trial?
Over the years, Gesell has developed a reputation among Washington lawyers for intelligence, for independence of mind, for skepticism toward the federal government's point of view and for m1870031214no-nonsense approach toward the attorneys in his courtroom.
"I will say that the defendants will get a speedy trial by one of the most outstanding trial judges in the country," said Jacob A. Stein, the Washington attorney who defended Chapin in the Watergate case before Gesell.
In appearance, the judge is a grandfatherly figure, a genial Santa Claus. But once on the bench, he wastes little time in letting lawyers know who is in charge. Indeed, if any judge can be expected to place strict limits on the efforts of North's attorney, Brendan V. Sullivan Jr., to dominate the courtroom as he did the Iran-Contra congressional hearings, it is Gesell.
'Will Control Proceedings'
"Judge Gesell will control the proceedings," said Joseph E. DiGenova, who just stepped down as the U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia. "He does not allow attorneys to control his courtroom."
Gesell has an unusual background for a federal judge. He is one of the few lawyers who has been willing to give up a job as senior partner for one of Washington's leading law firms for prolonged service as a federal district judge.
He was born in Los Angeles, the son of Arnold Gesell, the renowned developmental psychologist. The younger Gesell graduated from Phillips Andover Academy, Yale University and Yale Law School.
Gesell's roots in Washington go back to the days of the New Deal. In 1935, he came to work at the Securities and Exchange Commission, then under the leadership of William O. Douglas, the future Supreme Court justice.
Six years later, he moved to the Washington law firm of Covington & Burling, where he became one of the city's leading antitrust lawyers over the next quarter century. While at the firm, he served briefly as chief counsel to the joint commission that investigated the Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor.
Trademark of Independence
He was appointed to his life-tenured federal judgeship by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967 and quickly began displaying the independence that became his trademark.
In 1969, more than three years before the Supreme Court handed down its landmark decision granting women a qualified constitutional right to have an abortion, Gesell struck down the District of Columbia law making abortions illegal.
"Its many ambiguities are particularly subject to criticism, for the statute unquestionably impinges to an appreciable extent on significant constitutional rights of individuals," he wrote.
Two years later, when the Nixon Administration sought a prior restraint order to prevent the Washington Post from publishing the Pentagon Papers, Gesell turned down the request. Claims of protecting national security did not justify such a restriction on freedom of the press, he said. He was later upheld by the Supreme Court.
"He's always been very fair, even-handed and relatively skeptical in approaching national security issues," said Mark Lynch, a Washington attorney who formerly handled freedom of information and national security cases for the American Civil Liberties Union. "You know, he doesn't buy a lot of mumbo-jumbo."
Judge at Ehrlichman Trial
While U.S. District Judge John J. Sirica captured the national attention in the Watergate cases, Gesell presided over nearly as many of the criminal proceedings. He was the judge at the trial of former White House aide John D. Ehrlichman, Chapin and three other men on charges stemming from a break-in at the offices of a psychiatrist who had treated Daniel Ellsberg, the man who leaked the Pentagon Papers to the press.
During that case, Gesell voiced the opinion that there are at least some circumstances when the claim that underlings are merely following orders should be taken into account.
He imposed sentences of probation on Bernard L. Barker and Eugenio R. Martinez, two of the men who broke into the psychiatrist's office, concluding that "you were duped by high government officials." However, at the sentencing, Gesell also told them, "as you both should know, it is impossible to preserve freedom when zealots take over, and the rule of law is ignored."
When Robert H. Bork, then a Justice Department official, carried out Nixon's order to fire Watergate special prosecutor Archibald Cox, Gesell ruled that Bork's action was illegal. He later threw out the case on grounds that it was moot, or legally dead, after a new special prosecutor was named.
Rules Against Air Force
In 1980, Gesell ordered the Air Force to reinstate and give back pay to a former sergeant who had been discharged when he openly declared his homosexuality. He said the Air Force had engaged in "perverse behavior" by failing to explain the circumstances under which it allowed homosexuals, under certain exceptions, to remain in the service.
Two years ago, Gesell attracted national attention when he refused to take part in a nationwide, televised naturalization ceremony July 3, the eve of the celebration of the centennial of the Statue of Liberty, because he believed that TV advertising would tarnish the proceedings.
Producers of the televised Statue of Liberty celebration had wanted Gesell to swear in 106 prospective citizens before TV cameras at the Jefferson Memorial. Instead, the judge said he would perform the ceremonies in the usual way, inside the federal courthouse.
"Our usual dignified naturalization court is being turned into a pageant over which I have no control as the presiding judge," he wrote.
Picked by Chief Judge
After the federal grand jury handed up its indictments in the Iran-Contra case Wednesday, Chief U.S. District Judge Aubrey E. Robinson Jr. exercised his right under local court rules to assign the case to the judge of his choice. He picked Gesell.
"I'm not going to say that Judge Gesell is the best conceivable judge that North and Poindexter could have had," Bruce Fein, a visiting fellow at the conservative Heritage Foundation, said Thursday.
"Still, I think it's a favorable development. . . . Judge Gesell came from the top, from the elite of society, not from the bottom like Judge Sirica. Judge Gesell's circles were the high-powered attorneys who wandered in and out of the Oval Office. He has a more sophisticated understanding of how people act in positions of power than did Judge Sirica."
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May 12, 1988, New York Times, Campaign Trail: Nixon's Decline, by Warren Weaver Jr. and E.J. Dionne Jr.,
Former President Richard M. Nixon has sent word to Vice President Bush's Presidential campaign and the Republican National Committee that he does not wish to be invited to address the Republican National Convention this summer.
His official reason, according to an associate, is that he is writing a column for The Sunday Times of London on American politics and therefore would not ''engage in any partisan political activity in 1988.''
"Nixon feels that he owes his readers a certain level of objectivity and should not be involved in the cut and thrust of day-to-day partisan political activity," a spokesman said.
But Mr. Nixon, who is nothing if not a shrewd politician, also had a more political reason for his decision, an associate said.
Many Republicans, according to the associate, had wanted the former President to address the convention. "But Nixon was aware of the political flak Bush might have taken the day it was announced that the former President would address the convention," a close friend of Mr. Nixon said. "So he decided to take himself out."
The arrangements committee of Republican Convention, to be held in New Orleans in August, reads like a partial White House staff list from the Nixon years. Among its members are the former White House aides Fred Malek, Dwight Chapin, Robert Gray and Paul Manafort Jr. Mr. Nixon has received scores of invitations from state and local Republican organizations and candidates, according to an associate. His decision not to take part in "partisan politics" will mean that he will also turn down those invitations, his associate said. Satellite Message
Gaston Caperton, the winner in West Virginia's Democratic gubernatorial primary on Tuesday, may owe at least part of his victory to a communications satellite orbiting thousands of miles above the earth.
Two weeks before the primary, Mr. Caperton's principal opponent, Clyde See, began running a television commercial that said Mr. Caperton had been owner and director of the Slab Fork Mine, which went bankrupt and, according to the commercial, left the miners' pension fund short millions of dollars.
Mr. Caperton had been endorsed by the United Mine Workers and stressed his business acumen in the campaign, so the commercial was taking its toll. "We got overnight tracking on a Friday morning, and we realized that their new commercial was cutting," said Mr. Caperton's media consultant, Franklin O. Greer of Washington.
To respond, Mr. Greer produced a commercial in which a mine union official said Mr. Caperton had owned only 1 percent of the failed mine's stock and had had no hand in its management. The spot also reported that no miner had lost a pension.
But there was no time to put the commercial before West Virginia by any of the usual methods, so for $600 Mr. Greer bought time on a communications satellite, notified television stations in West Virginia and sent the new 30-second commercial simultaneously to every station in the state.
"That response stopped our slide," Mr. Greer said. "If we had gone four days with that unrelenting attack on the air, we would have dropped through the floor."
Bush + Reagan
When Vice President Bush describes the closeness of his relationship with President Reagan, he sometimes waxes so enthusiastic that he misspeaks. The other day in Twin Falls, Idaho, he said of the President to a Republican rally: "For seven and a half years, I have worked alongside him, and I am proud to be his partner. We have had triumphs, we have made mistakes, we have had sex. . . ."
There was a stunned moment of silence in the audience, and Mr. Bush hastened to add: "We have had setbacks." After a roar of laughter, the Vice President observed: "I feel like a javelin thrower who won the coin toss and elected to receive."
A Dukakis Successor?
Gov. Michael S. Dukakis has yet to win the Democratic Presidential nomination, much less the 1988 general election, but Massachusetts is maintaining its reputation as the nation's most fervent political hotbed, deep in consideration already about who may or may not succeed him in the 1990 gubernatorial election.
Two polls have already emerged on this distant race. The first, taken by KRC Research of Boston for WBZ-TV last February, showed Lieut. Gov. Evelyn Murphy as the most popular Democrat in a series of multiple-choice contests, followed by Representative Joseph P. Kennedy and Mayor Raymond L. Flynn of Boston. The gubernatorial question had been added "as a lark" to preprimary Presidential questions for Massachusetts, a KRC official said, but the results aroused "a tremendous amount of interest."
Indeed, shortly thereafter The Boston Globe came up with its own preprimary poll, which was based on favorable/unfavorable ratings rather than any attempt to match possible candidates against each other. This also showed Ms. Murphy as "best positioned" for the Democratic nomination but with Representative Kennedy in nearly a dead-heat and Mayor Flynn not far behind.
If Governor Dukakis should be nominated at the Democratic convention and elected President, Ms. Murphy would automatically move up and serve the last two years of his term. If Mr. Dukakis lost the general election, some Massachusetts Democratic leaders believe he would not seek a fourth term as Governor in 1990.
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May 31, 1988, Los Angeles Times, Will Afghan Regime Remain or Fall? : Propaganda, Rumor Fuel Intrigue in Jittery Kabul, by Rone Tempest, Times Staff Writer,
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October 27, 1988, Ellensburg Daily Record - UPI, Chopin Back In,
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October 27, 1988, Free Lance-Star - AP, Watergate Felon in Bush Camp,
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October 27, 1988, Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Political Report: Younger Blacks Unhappy With Dukakis, Poll Shows,
Dwight L. Chapin, the former Nixon White House aide who was imprisoned because he lied about his connection to political dirty tricks during the Watergate ...
October 27, 1988, San Jose Mercury News, page A-1, Watergate Felon Aids Bush; Has Unpaid Role in Campaign,
Dwight L. Chapin, the former Nixon White House aide who was imprisoned because he lied about his connection to political dirty tricks during the Watergate scandal, is serving as an unpaid staff adviser to George Bush's presidential campaign. A document distributed by Bush's campaign headquarters last month to state Republican officials lists Chapin as one of four "senior advisers" to the scheduling and events unit of the national Bush...
October 28, 1988, San Jose Mercury News, Chapin Sparks Ridicule; Democrats Question Bush's Judgment,
Democratic presidential nominee Michael Dukakis' spokesman Thursday ridiculed the decision by Republican nominee George Bush's campaign to rely on Watergate felon Dwight Chapin as an unpaid staff adviser. The Mercury News disclosed Thursday that Chapin, who was convicted of lying about his connection to political dirty tricks during the 1972 campaign of President Nixon, was one of four "senior advisers" to the Bush...
October 28, 1988, New York Times - AP, Former Nixon Aide Serving As Bush Campaign Adviser,
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October 28, 1988, Los Angeles Times - AP, Campaign '88: Watergate Figure Serves in Bush's Campaign,
Former Nixon White House aide Dwight L. Chapin, who was imprisoned because he lied about his connection to political dirty tricks during the Watergate scandal, is serving as an unpaid staff adviser to George Bush's presidential campaign, it was reported Thursday.
Bush campaign spokesman Mark Goodin, asked whether it was appropriate for a Watergate felon to be working as a campaign adviser, told the San Jose Mercury News, "It's not as if the guy has not paid his debt to society.
"We feel that he ought to be allowed to participate in the process at this point," Goodin said.
One of 'Senior Advisers'
A document distributed by Bush's campaign headquarters last month to state Republican officials lists Chapin as one of four "senior advisers" to the scheduling and events unit of the national Bush campaign. A copy of the two-page document was obtained by the Mercury News.
Chapin was found to have lied about his dealings with Donald H. Segretti, a practitioner of campaign infiltration and sabotage whom Chapin hired for the 1972 Nixon reelection campaign.
"His background is advance work," Goodin told the newspaper, referring to Chapin. "And that's been his strong suit . . . . My understanding of his (Chapin's) role is that from time to time he consults on some big events on advance techniques."
Chapin, who was President Richard M. Nixon's appointments secretary from 1969 to 1973, was convicted of two counts of perjury in April, 1973, and served six months in prison for lying to a federal grand jury that was investigating the Watergate scandal.
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October 28, 1988, St. Louis Post-Dispatch - AP, page 18-A, Bush Adviser Played Role in Watergate,
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October 29, 1988, San Jose Mercury News, Edwards Condemns Bush, Urges Him to Drop Chapin,
Republican presidential nominee George Bush should sever Watergate felon Dwight L. Chapin from any role in Bush's campaign, Rep. Don Edwards, D-San Jose, said Friday. A member of the House Judiciary Committee that voted to impeach President Richard Nixon in 1974, Edwards was reacting to a Mercury News story Thursday that reported Chapin was one of four unpaid "senior advisers" to the scheduling and events unit of Bush's...
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November 13, 1988, New York Times, John N. Mitchell Is Remembered As a Victim of 'Cruel Treatment', by David E. Rosenbaum,
Before a gathering that included former President Richard M. Nixon, John N. Mitchell was eulogized today as "a stand-up guy," a man who "went through the most unfair, cruel treatment of a public figure in the life of this city."
Mr. Mitchell, who was Mr. Nixon's law partner, confidant, Attorney General and campaign chairman, died of a heart attack Wednesday at the age of 75, 10 years and five months after he went to prison for conspiracy, obstruction of justice and lying under oath.
On the witness stand more than a decade ago, Mr. Mitchell would say nothing about President Nixon's role in the Watergate conspiracy. And at the funeral today at St. Alban's Episcopal Church on the grounds of the National Cathedral, Mr. Nixon said nothing about Mr. Mitchell, the man called "the big enchilada" of his Administration.
At the funeral, Mr. Nixon escorted Mary Gore Dean, Mr. Mitchell's longtime companion, and sat in the front pew of the church. But the former President did not attend the burial at Arlington National Cemetery, where the coffin of Mr. Mitchell, a naval officer and Silver Star winner in World War II, was borne by a caisson drawn by six white draft horses. The burial was accompanied by a three-gun salute. Many Associates on Hand
Mr. Mitchell was buried in a plot just downhill from the tomb of the unknown soldier, next to the graves of the boxer Joe Louis, the actor Lee Marvin and Col. Gregory (Pappy) Boyington, the World War II aviator and holder of the Medal of Honor.
The funeral was something of a quiet gathering of the Nixon clan. Some leading figures of the Nixon Administration like H. R. Haldeman, John D. Ehrlichman and Henry A. Kissinger did not come.
But many of Mr. Mitchell's close associates did, including Robert C. Mardian, an Assistant Attorney General who was convicted at the same trial as Mr. Mitchell but whose conviction was overturned on appeal; Frederick C. LaRue, a political assistant who cooperated with prosecutors and testified against Mr. Mitchell; Dwight L. Chapin, a campaign assistant who went to prison for perjury; Rose Mary Woods, Mr. Nixon's personal secretary; Ronald L. Ziegler, the White House press secretary, and Jerris Leonard and Donald Santorelli, who served under Mr. Mitchell at the Justice Department.
Mr. Mitchell's most prominent Assistant Attorney General, William H. Rehnquist, now Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, did not attend the funeral.
Richard A. Moore, Mr. Mitchell's closest friend and his special assistant at the Justice Department, who testified on his behalf before the Senate Watergate Committee, delivered the eulogy. After saying that Mr. Mitchell had been treated unfairly, Mr. Moore said, "The innate fairness of the American people will prevail in time, and he will be accorded the place in history he deserves."
Nixon Lingers With Well-Wishers
Mr. Nixon's bodyguards hurried him into a waiting room until it was time for him to escort Mrs. Dean down the aisle to the front pew. But after the funeral, he tarried briefly in the foyer outside, shaking hands with well-wishers and making small talk.
It used to be said when they were in power that Mr. Nixon regarded Mr. Mitchell as something of an alter ego, the person he looked to for approval before he acted. In recent years, according to someone who had lunch with Mr. Mitchell last week, the two men talked often on the telephone.
After he was paroled in early 1979 after 19 months at the minimum security prison at Maxwell Air Force Base in Alabama, Mr. Mitchell lived quietly in Georgetown and owned or represented several small companies around the world, including some in waste management. A bond lawyer before he entered the Government, he was disbarred after his conviction.
Unlike many of his contemporaries, Mr. Mitchell did not write his memoirs or grant interviews after he left office.
A friend of Mr. Mitchell found it noteworthy that so many prominent people had come to pay their respects. "They weren't ducking the camera," the friend said after the funeral. "They were showing their affection for a man they thought was misunderstood and unfairly treated. This was a man who never made friends in the press but made some deep friends among his colleagues."
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November 14, 1988, New York Times, Essay; Watch What We Do, by William Safire,
WASHINGTON— "Watch what we do, not what we say," Attorney General John Mitchell advised reporters at the start of the Nixon Administration.
Coming from the law-and-order campaign manager with the visage of a bloodhound, that epigram was interpreted as the epitome of political deceptiveness.
But his intent was to reassure blacks that, foot-dragging poses aside, the Nixon Justice Department would accomplish desegregation. John Mitchell knew that the appearance of a tilt toward white Southerners would ease the way for acceptance of steady civil rights progress for blacks, and sure enough, what he did in this area was much better than what he said.
Many of the Nixon clan that gathered for the funeral of John Mitchell last weekend understood that abyss between the persona and the man. Dour, stern, taciturn, forbidding on the outside, and warm, loyal, staunch, steadfast on the inside; few public men have so deliberately cultivated the widespread misconceptions of themselves.
Yes, this was "the Big Enchilada," the first man tossed off the sled for the culmination at Watergate of the series of previous law breakings that he came to call "the White House horrors." Nobody denies his transgression: The spying plan put forward by the Magruder-Liddy toadies and crazies, which John Mitchell reduced but ultimately approved, was plainly criminal, and the former Attorney General should have known it.
However, the familiar faces of a short generation ago were gathered to salute the private John Mitchell. Ron Ziegler, Pat Buchanan, Len Garment, Dwight Chapin, Rose Woods were there, and we knew Richard Nixon would attend - he goes to the funerals that matter. Most of John's key Justice Department aides came, notably excepting Chief Justice William Rehnquist, whose record of self-serving abstention in re: Mitchell is now complete.
What was it that made John Mitchell different from all the Nixon men? In a word: constancy. The heat of Watergate's crucible transformed everybody else. John Ehrlichman loosened up and became a novelist; Bob Haldeman's crewcut disappeared with much of the toughness it symbolized; Chuck Colson and Jeb Magruder were born again; even Richard Nixon adapted and changed. But through it all John Mitchell remained John Mitchell - always the villain outside, often a hero inside.
About the hero part. The clips all say he was the commander of John F. Kennedy's PT boat unit in the Pacific during World War II. Less well known are his two Purple Hearts for wounds in combat; John Mitchell, an athlete who played professional hockey to earn his way through law school, would wear long pants to the beach later in life because one leg had been riddled by machine-gun bullets.
He never spoke of his war record; such modesty is rare in politics, but exploitation of his naval service would have been out of character. One sad night, medals and citations were committed to the fireplace, which did not embitter him; nothing did. His friend Richard Moore, in a eulogy, pointed out that near the Mitchell grave in Arlington was the headstone of Col. Gregory (Pappy) Boyington, a Medal of Honor winner who used to call John Mitchell every year to thank him for saving his life.
Aware of his wife Martha's propensity to make wild phone calls during sleepless nights, John sought no job after the campaign ended; Richard Nixon talked him into coming to Washington. He set out to serve his country and wound up serving his time.
We had a long lunch the week before he died. Because he had been the nation's foremost municipal bond lawyer before being asked to manage political campaigns, I wanted his view of the effect of poison-pill defenses on corporate bonds.
He thought all new bonds would have to be drawn with fresh guarantees. He added a column idea: that government tax policy was dangerously tilted to encourage debt at the expense of equity, and that we should cap the deductibility of bond interest while ending double taxation of stock dividends. The mind that put him first among 1,200 on his bar exam was sharp to the end.
He was proud of his many offspring, busy with his business, happy with the woman he loved, surprised by the gutsiness of the Bush campaign, and especially delighted with the Rehnquist success on the Court. He stayed in touch with the President to whom he had proven so loyal; the inner fortitude of both brought them back from the depths of disgrace.
To paraphrase: Judge constant John Mitchell for the totality of what he did - both right and wrong - and not merely by what his detractors said.
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March 16, 1989, Los Angeles Times, Only in LA/ People and Events
USC, of course, is the school that hatched such Watergate figures as Ronald Ziegler, Dwight L. Chapin, Gordon C. Strachan and Donald H. Segretti. Kevin Davis ...
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March 28, 1989, New York Times, Judge Leaving a Personal Imprint on North Trial, by David Johnston,
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July 20, 1990, New York Times, Another Nixon Summit, at His Library, by R.W. Apple,
Almost 16 years after he resigned the Presidency in disgrace, Richard M. Nixon was hailed today as a statesman and a peacemaker as he presided over the dedication of the $21 million Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace in this small Orange County town.
President Bush and former Presidents Gerald R. Ford and Ronald Reagan spoke in praise of their 77-year-old Republican colleague, for whom today was a high point in a long, slow process of political rehabilitation.
No one mentioned the resignation, which stands alone in the annals of the White House, and only Mr. Bush mentioned the Watergate scandal that prompted it. Mr. Nixon himself voiced no bitterness, commenting with fatalism of his electoral career, "Won some, lost some, all interesting." He said he had ''many memories, some of them good, some of them not so good."
Echoes of White House Years
"It is sad to lose, but the greatest sadness is to travel through life without knowing either victory or defeat."
For a few hours on a cloudless Southern California day, with the temperature approaching 100 degrees in the stands outside the low tile-roofed library, it was almost as if the Nixon Administration had come back to life.
H. R. Haldeman and Ronald L. Ziegler were there from the old White House staff, as was the President's loyal secretary, Rose Mary Woods, who found it so hard to explain the 18 1/2-minute gap in the Nixon tapes. Former Secretary of State, Henry A. Kissinger, and three others who held that post were there along with old Nixon chums from Florida, like Robert Abplanalp and Charles G. Rebozo, and a few Watergate figures, like Dwight L. Chapin and Gordon Strachan.
Like a Campaign Rally
Brass bands played, white doves soared above the platform and 50,000 red, white and blue balloons were released in an echo of a hundred Nixon campaign rallies in 1968 and 1972. Pat Nixon, frail and slightly bent, smiled and said nothing, even though it was one of her few public appearances in the last decade.
But many once-familiar faces were missing, including most of those who were jailed in connection with the Watergate affair. Nor was former Vice President Spiro T. Agnew, who resigned because of a tax scandal, among the 30,000 to 40,000 people.
John W. Dean 3d and G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt and Donald Segretti stayed away, as did John D. Ehrlichman and Charles Colson, now a lay preacher who said on a visit to the area last week, "I'm more concerned with living monuments." Former President Jimmy Carter sent Mr. Nixon a hand-written note declining his invitation on the grounds of a prior commitment; Mr. Nixon had skipped the opening of the Carter Library in Atlanta.
It was impossible today to determine Mr. Carter's whereabouts. He was in Ethiopia on July 10. A spokesman for the Carter Center in Atlanta said the former President was in the United States, but would not say where.
'I Still Don't Understand'
Some sought to banish all memories of dirty tricks. "I think much of the criticism was based on nothing at all," Mr. Reagan said in an interview this week. Billy Graham, who was on the platform today along with the Rev. Dr. Norman Vincent Peale to offer prayers, said, "I have read a lot about Watergate, and I still don't understand why it became such a big thing."
Mr. Ziegler took a different tack, arguing that the opening of the library celebrated the survival of a man who had taken many knocks.
"I've seen Richard Nixon in disgrace," the former White House press secretary said, "There were times when it would have been easy, in the days at San Clemente after the resignation, to walk into the ocean with a bottle of Chivas under your arm. But he didn't."
On the platform this morning, the harsh spirit of 1973 and 1974 was evoked only once, when William E. Simon, the former Treasury Secretary who heads the foundation responsible for the library, said that throughout his career Mr. Nixon had had to contend with "the unrelenting hostility of the national media."
But as President Bush noted, Mr. Nixon has always been "extraordinarily controversial," and controversy plagues the library, too.
At first, its executive director, Hugh Hewitt, said that only scholars whom Mr. Nixon approved could use the library, which has been financed by and will be operated with, private funds. One person who would not be welcome, he said, was Bob Woodward, the Washington Post reporter who helped to break the Watergate story. After a storm of criticism, Mr. Hewitt quickly relented and said anyone was welcome.
'More of a Museum'
In fact, the 5,500-square-foot building is "more of a museum than a library," in the words of Stephen E. Ambrose of the University of New Orleans, a leading Nixon biographer.. Although it contains Mr. Nixon's Congressional and Vice Presidential papers, it will hold only copies of the Presidential papers, and only a very careful selection at that. The originals are held in a Government warehouse in Alexandria, Va., and Mr. Nixon has succeeded in blocking the release of 150,000 pages of important documents.
"He never, ever gives up," Mr. Ambrose said in a telephone interview from Wisconsin, where he is on vacation. "You see what Nixon wants you to see. So the cover-up continues."
In answer to written questions submitted to him by The Los Angeles Times, Mr. Nixon said last week of such criticism: "Scholars are inherently skeptical, especially where I am concerned. There is nothing I can do about that, so I don't intend to try."
The library has one section devoted to Watergate, which includes three of the famous Nixon tapes, including the so-called "smoking gun" tape of June 23, 1972, which led directly to his resignation. Showing Mr. Bush, Mr. Reagan and Mr. Ford through the library this afternoon, Mr. Nixon skipped that part.
The gathering of the four Presidents here was only the second such meeting in history, according to historians of the Presidency. The first came at the White House after the death of President Anwar Sadat of Egypt in 1981. The gathering of Mrs. Nixon, Mrs. Ford, Mrs. Reagan and Mrs. Bush was the first time four first ladies had appeared in public.
Mr. Ford, who gave Mr. Nixon a Presidential pardon that may have cost him a close election battle with Mr. Carter in 1976, was the most restrained in his praise for the former President, but he said that today's celebration was "richly deserved" by Mr. and Mrs. Nixon, their children and their grandchildren, all of whom were here.
Mr. Reagan praised Mr. Nixon as a patriot and as "a man who understands the world - political power and the forces of history."
Mr. Bush spoke warmly of Mr. Nixon as a family man, an intellectual, a voice of the "silent majority" -whom he described as "America's good, quiet, decent people" - and above all as a master foreign policy strategist. Future generations, Mr. Bush said, will remember Richard Nixon most "for dedicating his life to the greatest cause offered any President: the cause of peace."
Mr. Nixon was born in Yorba Linda in a white frame kit house, built by his father, next to which the pink sandstone library now rises. The Nixon family later moved to nearby Whittier, where young Richard grew up and went to college.
He was elected to the House of Representatives and the Senate from California, ran unsuccessfully for Governor and returned to his estate at San Clemente, between Los Angeles and San Diego, after leaving Washington. But he finally decided to move east, and now lives in Saddle River, N.J.
"It's a long way from Yorba Linda to the White House," he said a bit wistfully today. "I believe in the American dream because I have seen it come true in my own life."
Then, after one of those enthusiastically awkward waves, just like the one he gave as he boarded the Presidential helicopter for the last time on Aug. 9, 1974, he went inside to eat lunch, catered by Chasen's, his favorite Hollywood restaurant, with his guests. Tonight, 1,500 of them joined him for a gala dinner in Los Angeles to celebrate yet another Nixon comeback.
Dedication Draws Protests
LOS ANGELES, July 19 (AP) -Events associated with the dedication of former President Nixon's library today brought out dozens of protesters, who criticized Mr. Nixon and policies of the Bush Administration.
Two people were ejected from the site of the dedication early in the day in suburban Yorba Linda.
In the evening, as guests gathered for a black tie dinner in the Los Angeles Century Plaza Hotel, hundreds of noisy demonstrators assembled outside on the street.
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June 12, 1992, Deseret News, For Many, Post-Watergate Life Included Prison, Writing,
In their lives after Watergate, many of those who played prominent roles in the Nixon administration, in the scandal that prematurely ended a presidency, or in investigating and uncovering the crimes of Watergate became authors.Here are some major figures from that era and where they are today.- Former President Richard M. Nixon resigned in August 1974 and received a full pardon from his successor, Gerald R. Ford, for any crimes he might have committed while in office. He has since...
June 14, 1992, St. Louis Post-Dispatch - AP, Where Are They Now?, 857 words,
Dwight L. Chapin: The former presidential appointments secretary served 235 days of a 10-to-30-month sentence for lying to a grand jury. ...
April 28, 1994, Los Angeles Times, Richard Nixon: 1913-1994 : Guest List Covered Wide Spectrum: Audience: Longtime allies, a few ex-enemies and representatives from 86 nations attended, by Mark Platte and Danielle A. Fouquette, Times Staff Writers,
May 29, 1994, Denver Post, Diary of Nixon aide available on CD-ROM,
... Haldeman during his days in the White House. Each is a short clip of an event, and it is narrated by Dwight L. Chapin, the appointment secretary to Nixon.
June 1, 2006, Cineaste, EBSCO host Connection: Three Great Filmmakers: Haldeman,
... to the President for Domestic Affairs John D. Ehrlichman, Chief of Staff Harry Robbins Haldeman, and Deputy Assistant to the President Dwight L. Chapin.
February 6, 2007, WHDH-TV, Libby learns sentencing outcome Tuesday; might Bush pardon...
Dwight L. Chapin, an aide to President Nixon, was convicted of two counts of perjury in 1973 and served six months in prison for lying to a federal grand ...
March 6, 2007, Burlington Hawk Eye, Libby learns sentence Tuesday,
Dwight L. Chapin, an aide to President Nixon, was convicted of two counts of perjury in 1973 and served six months in prison for lying to a federal grand ...
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May 15, 2007, Washington Post, Bemoaning the Commoners at Club Fed, by Peter Carlson, Staff Writer,
Country club prisons just aren't the same since they started letting the riffraff in.
Back in the good old days, when a nice, respectable white-collar criminal went to federal prison, he could do his time playing tennis with crooked pols, embezzling bankers, book-cooking accountants and other high-class folks. Not anymore. Now, Club Fed admits all kinds of lowlifes.
"Despite widespread perceptions to the contrary, minimum security prison camps are not reserved for former congressmen and CEOs," writes Luke Mullins in the May-June issue of the American magazine. Now, these once-prestigious country club prisons are places "where the nation's elite -- professionals, politicians, corporate executives -- live alongside the indigent foot soldiers of the drug trade."
The folks at the American seem saddened by this egalitarian trend, but that's not surprising. The American is published by the American Enterprise Institute, the famous Washington-based right-wing think tank. In a perverse way, it's heartwarming to know that the AEI's devotion to the welfare of the rich does not stop when the rich are convicted of multiple felonies and shipped to the slammer.
Mullins paints a delightfully nostalgic portrait of "the good old days of the 1970s" at Lompoc, a country club prison in California that served as a comfortable home away from home for several Watergate conspirators and other elite felons.
"Back then inmates would order expensive chili from the legendary Chasen's restaurant in Beverly Hills, or maybe shoot a few holes of golf at a neighboring course," he writes. "Occasionally, an inmate would even sneak out for a late-night visit to the prostitutes who were huddled in the back of a Winnebago parked nearby."
Ah, those were the days!
Now, white-collar miscreants are forced to mingle with common street-level dope dealers. And they have to work for seven hours a day -- sometimes at jobs that are boring and unfulfilling and beneath them. And some of these former country clubs no longer have a tennis court -- or even a bocce court! And inmates are forced to wear tacky prison garb instead of their stylish street clothes.
The horror! The horror!
Rape is rare in these minimum security prison camps, Mullins reports, but fights sometimes break out. Frequently, the fights are caused by those lowlife drug dealers, who hog the communal TV sets and will beat you up if you try to change the channel.
And get this: "Each month, inmates can spend no more than $290 at the commissary and 300 minutes on the telephone."
That's less than $10 a day for snack food! And only 10 minutes a day for phone calls! What is this, Guantanamo? What next? Will they start waterboarding these poor guys?
"It's a hellish place, especially for a white-collar guy," says Alfred Porro, a crooked lawyer who served five years for 19 counts of fraud and tax evasion. "Your life is a big blah."
But there is one advantage to admitting lowlifes into country club prisons. Now, rich inmates like Porro can hire poor inmates as -- believe it or not -- maids.
"In exchange for fees," Mullins writes, "such inmates would clean your room, do your laundry or take care of any other small-scale inconvenience."
Money is not allowed in the prisons, so you simply pay your maid a few packs of cigarettes. Hey, that's better than in the outside world, where even the illegal immigrants expect to be paid with actual money.
Cheap labor is an idea that warms the heart of James K. Glassman, who is the editor in chief of the American. Readers of this newspaper may recall Glassman as The Post's op-ed columnist who never missed a chance to bang out a ferocious denunciation of minimum wage laws, which he regards as an affront to "every American who values personal and economic liberty."
There aren't many people around anymore who will fight for somebody else's God-given right to work for peanuts, but Glassman is one of them. That's why I was amused last fall to see that in the very first issue of the American, he published an essay called, "Why Do We Underpay Our Best CEOs?"
"The average CEO of a large, publicly traded American company now has an annual compensation of $10.5 million -- or about 300 times higher than the average U.S. worker," wrote Dominic Basulto in the November-December issue of the American.
Is that an outrage?
No way, says Basulto: "In fact, there's strong evidence that, far from being paid too much, many CEOs are paid too little."
Why? Because basketball players and hedge fund managers make more -- and that's just not fair.
If you like that logic, you'll probably love one of the pieces in the current issue of the American. It's called "The Upside of Income Inequality."
Fake News Department
Stop the presses!
This just in: Stories in the cheeseball celebrity magazines are not always entirely accurate! This is shocking news and I'm not sure whether I should believe it or not because I read it in one of the cheeseball celebrity magazines.
That magazine is Us Weekly. In its May 14 issue, Us published a two-page article titled "All the News That's Fake!" It showed the covers of four rival cheeseball celebrity mags -- Star and OK! and In Touch and Life & Style -- and reported that their cover stories weren't, you know, totally correct. For instance, In Touch's story "Surprise Boob Jobs" insinuated that Paris Hilton got breast implants, but Paris swears she only got a new bra.
This week, Us ran another exposé, called "Inside the Fake News Hoax," which charges that In Touch and Life & Style have been, like , so wrong about Brangelina for, like, years.
You can read that piece in the Us issue that has a picture of Hilton on the cover, above the words "Inside Paris' Jail Cell."
But wait a minute. Paris isn't in jail. At least not yet. So isn't Us being a little -- oh, never mind.
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June 2, 2007, USA Today, Libby readies for sentencing outcome,
Dwight L. Chapin, an aide to President Nixon, was convicted of two counts of perjury in 1973 and served six months in prison for lying to a federal grand ...
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January 12, 2010, The Washington Times, Inside the Beltway: The way it was,
Yikes! Here's just one page from the 20,000 pages of formally classified documents from the Nixon administration, released by the Richard M. Nixon Presidential Library on Monday:
"November 9, 1971, 9:30 a.m. Memorandum for: H.R. Haldeman. From: Dwight L. Chapin. Subject: Frank Sinatra.
"Sinatra called Peter Malatesta with the idea of perhaps hosting a dinner for the Vice President, Governor Reagan and the Bob Hopes sometime during the weekend of the Eisenhower Hospital Dedication. Sinatra's question was whether or not it would be appropriate for him to invite the President to the dinner.
"This might be the breakthrough that we're after, in terms of getting the President together with Sinatra. My suggestion, in order to avoid any problem or embarrassment with the Hopes who wanted to have a luncheon after the Medical Center Opening, would be that President and Mrs. Nixon, if interested, go over to the dinner at Sinatra's home the evening of November 26.
"The other option would be to have the Vice President, the Hopes, the Reagans and perhaps Sinatra to San Clemente to dinner that evening. This may be more of a special treat for Sinatra."
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Daytona Beach Morning Journal
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News And Courier,
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Victoria Advocate,
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Free Lance-Star,
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